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1、Professional English in Computer Field,Chapter One The Fundamental of Computers,内容,正文 Computers Types The Year 2038 Problem 阅读材料 History of Electronic Digital Computers Cable vs. DSL,1-1 Computers Types,Computer sizes and power Supercomputer and Mainframe Minicomputer Workstation Personal computer,K
2、ey Words,manipulate v. 操作，控制 well-defined adj. 明确定义的 store v.存储 retrieve v. 获取, 获得 machinery v. 机械装置 general-purpose computers 通用计算机 intermediate adj.中间的 conduit n.导线管 overlap n.重叠 mainframe n.大型计算机,moderate adj.中等的,适度的 spreadsheet n.电子表格程序 surf v.浏览，专指上网浏览，和internet连用 fray n.竞争 onslaught n.猛攻 clone
3、 n.克隆，仿制，仿造 pin down 确定，明确 high-end adj.高端的 low-end adj.低端的,Notes,In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. Mainframe was a term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit. For nearly every othe
4、r component, including the operating system, there are several options, all of which fall under the rubric of PC.,除了那些组成元素之外，还有一些其它的部分使得这些 基本的组成元素能够一起有效的工作,大型机这个词最早是指包含中央处理器单元的柜子。,包括操作系统在内的几乎每个组成元素都有多个符合PC 规定的选项。,1-2 The Year 2038 Problem,Key Words,pun n.俏皮话 wrap around 回卷 odometer n.里程表 haywire adj
5、.混乱的 lurk v.潜伏 pooh-pooh v.轻视 impending adj.即将发生的 plague v.折磨,Key Words,legacy code 难以替换的代码 scratch n.什么都没有 backward compatibility 向后兼容 blindly adv.盲目地 computer-illiterate 不懂计算机的 scenario n.方案 doomsday n.最后的审判日,Notes,A later generation of UNIX authors, fearful that stuffy, humorless corporate drones
6、 would remove this cherished pun, added a programmers comment inside the documentations source code that read, “Take this out and a UNIX demon will dog your steps until the time_ts wrap around!“ time_t is never, ever at fault in any Year 2000 bug.,一个后期的UNIX作者由于担心那些自命不凡、没有幽默感的企业 里的“雄蜂”们会删掉这段他心爱的俏皮话，于
7、是在源代码文档上加 了一段程序员的注释, “删掉它，UNIX demon将会跟踪你所作的一切 直到time_t函数发生回卷”。,time_t从来都不是一个“千年虫”问题。,Notes,It would be too tedious to check everywhere; and besides, the extremely rare conditions that result in the functions failure would “hardly ever“ happen in the real world. And the larger, more complex, and mor
8、e important any program is, the better are its chances that that itll be one of these old 32-bit programs.,每个地方都检查是非常使人厌倦的，并且在现实生活中这种导致 函数失败的极端情况是很难发生的。,并且一个程序越庞大，越复杂，越重要，它越有可能是旧的 32位的程序。,Exercises,A computer is a machine that can be programmed to _. The actual machinery (wires, transistors, and cir
9、cuits) of a computer is called _; the instructions and data are called _. A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor is call _. _ is an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. Today, the world of personal computers is basically divided b
10、etween Apple _ and _. A modern 32-bit computer stores a _ data type, such as time_t, in 32 bits. The maximum number of a 32-bit signed integer is _. The MS-DOS layer at the heart of Microsofts Windows 98 and Windows ME was first written in the year of _. In a 64-bit program, a time_t could represent
11、 any date and time in the future out to _ A.D. For a 32-bit unsigned integer, the maximum year can be represented is _.,questions,What are the principal characteristics of a computer? Please list the hardware components of general-purpose computers. Give some different types of computer according to its size and power. Describe the general hardware requirements of a workstation. What will people usually do on a personal computer for business use and home use?,
