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1、全国高等职业教育规划教材 机械工业出版社 ISBN 978-7-111-30975-8,Unit 1 Introduction to Computers,I. New Words,process v. 处理 electronic adj. 电子的 instruction n. 指令 program n. 程序 data n. 数据 memory n. 存储器 capability n. 能力 circuit n. 电路 exponentiation n. 乘方 minicomputer n. 小型计算机,microcomputer n. 微型计算机，微机 input n. v. 输入 term
2、inal n. 终端 keyboard n. 键盘 medium n. 媒体，介质 output n. v. 输出 printer n. 打印机 monitor n. 监视器 image n. 图像 software n. 软件,I. New Words,interpretation n. 解释，译码 originality n. 创意，新奇 electric adj. 电的，电气的 pulse n. 脉冲，脉搏 instantaneously adv. 瞬间地，即刻地，即时地 assign vi. 分配，赋值，指定，分派 definition n. 概念，定义 bog( down) vi.
3、陷入 potentially adv. 可能地，大概地，潜伏地 jargon n. 术语，难懂的话，行话 vt. 说行话,I. New Words,I. New Words,suffice vi. 足够 supercomputer n. 巨型计算机 gigantic adj. 巨大的 weaponry n. （总称）武器 aeronautics n. 航空术，航空学 mainframe n. 主机，大型计算机 house vt. 安置 professional adj. 职业的，专业的 accounting adj. 会计的，财务的，帐户的 workstation n. 工作站,I. New
4、Words,portable adj. 便携式的 laptop n. 膝盖，膝面，膝上 briefcase n. 箱子 desktop n. 桌面，桌上型电脑 microprocessor n. 微处理器 chip n. 芯片 silicon n. 硅 semiconductor n. 半导体 voltage n. 电压 impurity n. 不纯，不清洁，混杂物,I. New Words,dopant n. 掺杂物 sophisticated adj. 复杂的 capacity n. 容量 identify vt. 确实，识别，标记， 标识 access n. 存取，访问，选取；接近 si
5、multaneously adv. 同时,II. Phrases & Expressions,magnetic tape 磁带 tape drive 磁带机 disk drive 磁盘驱动器 display screen 显示屏 mainframe computer 大型计算机 storage location 存储地址 main memory 主存储器 storage device 存储设备 output device 输出设备 in terms of 用衡量或表示，根据，按照,III. Abbreviations,CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) 阴极射线管 PC ( Pers
6、onal Computer) 个人计算机 CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器 cps ( characters per second) 每秒钟字符数 mips ( million instructions per second) 每秒钟百万指令,IV. Text Paragraph 1 Sentence 1,The basic job of computers is the processing of information. 计算机的基本功能是处理信息。,Par. 1 Sent. 2,For this reason, computers can be de
7、fined as very-high-speed electronic device which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and characters called data, perform mathematical and /or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. 因此，可以把计算机定义为一种高速运作的电子设备。它以指令（称为程序）和字符（称为数据）的形式
8、接收信息，并对这些信息执行数学的和(或)逻辑的操作，然后提供这些操作的结果。 be defined as下定义为 in the form of以.的形式,Par. 1 Sent. 3,The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory. 指示计算机做什么的程序或部分程
9、序，以及提供解决问题所需信息的数据都存储在计算机内部的存储器里。 which tells the computers what to do修饰the program which provide the information needed to solve the problem修饰the data 去除定语从句，本句的主谓宾是： The program and the data are kept inside the computer in a place.,Par. 2 Sent. 2,However, many computers, whether large or small have
10、 three basic capabilities. 然而，大多数计算机，无论大小，都有三种基本功能,Par. 2 Sent. 3,First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation. 第一，计算机有执行算术运算的电路，如：加、减、乘、除和取幂。,Par. 2 Sent. 4,Second, computers have a means of communic
11、ating with the user.第二，计算机有与用户交流的方法。 a means of中means （用作sing.单数）方法；方式；手段 e.g.: a means to an end达到目的的方法, by all means(表示同意)当然可以, 没问题,务必; 勿论如何; 不惜一切地; 千方百计地, by any means口用一切可能的方法或手段 by fair means or foul不择手段地 by means of通过; 用; 借助于 by no means决不, 一点也不,Par. 2 Sent. 5,After all, if we couldnt feed inf
12、ormation in and get results back, these machines wouldnt be of much use. 如果我们不能对其提供信息并取回结果，这些计算机最终不会有太大用处。 be of use=useful有用 be of much use=very useful十分有用,Par. 2 Sent. 6,However, certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are used to control things directly, such as robots, airc
13、raft navigation systems, medical instruments, etc. 然而，某些计算机(通常是小型计算机和微型计算机)被用来直接控制事物，例如：机器人、飞机导航系统、医疗设备等。,Par. 3 Sent. 2,The computers input device (which might be a keyboard, a tape drive or disk drive, depending on the medium used in inputting information) reads the information into the computer .
14、 计算机的输入装置(依据输入信息时使用的媒体，可能是键盘、磁带机或磁盘驱动器)把信息读人到计算机内,Par. 3 Sent. 3,For outputting information, two common devices used are a printer which prints the new information on paper, or a CRT display screen also called a monitor which shows the results on a TV-like screen. 对于输出信息，有两种常用的装置：把新信息打印在纸上的打印机，或在类似电
15、视的荧屏上显示结果的阴极射线管显示屏。 which prints the new information on paper修饰a printer which shows the results on a TV-like screen修饰a CRT display screen,Par. 4 Sent. 2,The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: “Who would win a war between two countries?“ or “Who is the richest p
16、erson in the world? “. 遗憾的是，计算机系统做不出“两个国家谁将赢得这场战争?”或“谁是世界上最富有的人?”这样的判定。 not of the type不是这种类型的,Par. 4 Sent. 3,Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: “Is one number less than another?”, “Are two numbers equal? ”, and “Is one number greater than another?”. 不幸的是，计算机只能判断三件事：一个数是否小于另一个数?两个数是否相等?以及一个数是否大于另一个数?,Par. 5,The numbers, letters, and images inputted to a computer are called data. The instructions that carry out the processing are called computer progra
