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1、http:/ 留学生论文专业定制代写网站留学生Essay写作铁路基础设施协调的效果AbstractHistorically,rail transport systems in Europe have been running as per national standards through the monopolistic and vertically integrated state owned operators.Most of the railway network in Europe is designed for different technical and operationa
2、l standards of the member states, which makes it impossible or expensive for rail transport across borders. With a vision of achieving a single European railway network,in 1991,the European commission adopted a policy of revitalizing the railway sector to harmonize the technical and operational stan
3、dards across the member states.This policy promotes a single set of Technical Specifications for Interoperability(TSIs)todefine common railway system architectureanda common approach to railway safety management.The long-term objective of such a policy is to open up the rail passenger and freight ma
4、rket for competition and promote the rail transport as sustainable means of transportation.The future of the rail supply industry in Europe is linked to the creation of sustainable transport system,which can only be achieved by increasing the competition in the industry to provide cost effective sol
5、utions.Harmonization of the railway networks in Europe will be one of the important driving forces in shaping the rail supply industry in Europe.This paper analyses the current structure of the German rail supply industry and how the industry may evolve given the current drive for interoperability t
6、hrough harmonization of standards and technologies.The policies of interoperability were conceived during the early 90s,but the impact of such policies are yet to be seen due to the lack of co-ordination between the manufactures,the regulatory mechanism,insufficient funding and the political will.Th
7、ough the rail supply industry of Europe is in favour of achieving the common technical standards,the resulting market dynamics due to the common European market remains unanswered.1.IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of harmonization of railway infrastructure in Europe o
8、n the rail supply industry in Europe with focus on Germany.Various directives and regulations of European commission have set off a series of dramatic changes in the European railway sector.The liberalization process has seen unbundling of the vertically integrated state owned operators.The directiv
9、e of interoper ability is enforcing the member states to transition from the existing signalling systems to common rail traffic management systems across Europe.Besides the control systems,there is significant thrust by the European commission to harmonize the technical and operational standards of
10、the other components of the railway infrastructure like the tracks, electrification,power supply substations etc.These would render common product characteristics across the infrastructure segments with some exceptions in the stations and tunnel construction as the nature of these requirements varie
11、s depending on the local needs and resource restrictions and also these components doesnt contribute to the desired interoperability.Thus the harmonization process would increase the size of the accessible market for companies in rail supply industry.Hence harmonization is bound to have a significan
12、t effect on how the industry is structured and the competition within the industry.The German railway infrastructure is the key component of the entire railway transport industry,where in the state owned operator and Logistics Company,Deutsche Bahn AG owns the entire infrastructure. Deutsche Bahn AG
13、(DB)has a monopoly on the upstream of the value chain of German railway industry and at the same time DB exists as a monopsony at the downstream of the value chain.Thus,DB is a single buyer of the infrastructure services and products with very high bargaining power over their suppliers.The processes
14、 of harmonization and liberalization in the European railway sector have been shaping the complete value chain of industry.The increasing competition among the railway operator has brought in many benefits to the consumers and also to all other stakeholders involved in the industry.The German rail s
15、upply industry is highly fragmented with small to large companies involved in different segments of infrastructure services.The Fragmented nature of the industry has given rise to aggressive competition in the industry with many large players trying to claim their stakes in the market.The presence o
16、f only a single buyer,Deutsche Bahn,has defined the competition as price oriented,with many infrastructure companies trying to innovate on the technology and process to provide the infrastructure as per the national standards and at lower costs.This paper will discuss the benefits of the standardization in the industry and would also discuss how the rail supply industry in Germany may restructure to the changing market dynamics once the single
