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1、7,Chapter,Managing Data Resources,Describe basic file organization concepts and the problems of managing data resources in a traditional file environment Describe how a database management system organizes information and compare the principal database models Apply important database design principl
2、es,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,OBJECTIVES,Evaluate new database trends Identify the challenges posed by data resource management and management solutions,OBJECTIVES (Continued),Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,Challenge: Fragmented
3、 and isolated corporate systems creating a single integrated view of customers and operations Solution: single integrated corporate data warehouse, using a single data model. Oracle 9i database provides near real-time access to customer activity, customer profitability, and customer reactions Illust
4、rates the importance of managing data resources for achieving profitability,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,Virgin Mobile Australia Case,File Organization Terms and Concepts,Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1) Byte: Group of bits that represents a single c
5、haracter Field: Group of words or a complete number Record: Group of related fields File: Group of records of same type,ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,Database: Group of related files Entity: Person, place, thing, ev
6、ent about which information is maintained Attribute: Description of a particular entity Key field: Identifier field used to retrieve, update, sort a record,ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,File Organization Terms and C
7、oncepts (Continued),ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,The Data Hierarchy,Figure 7-1,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Entities and Attributes,Figure 7-2,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing
8、Data Resources,Problems with the Traditional File Environment,Data Redundancy and Inconsistency: Data redundancy: The presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location Data inconsistency: The same attribute may have different values
9、.,ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,The coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data Lack of flexibilit
10、y: A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad-hoc reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion.,ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Management Information Systems Chap
11、ter 7 Managing Data Resources,Program-data dependence:,Problems with the Traditional File Environment (Continued),Because there is little control or management of data, management will have no knowledge of who is accessing or even making changes to the organizations data. Lack of data sharing and av
12、ailability: Information cannot flow freely across different functional areas or different parts of the organization. Users find different values of the same piece of information in two different systems, and hence they may not use these systems because they cannot trust the accuracy of the data.,ORG
13、ANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,Poor security:,Problems with the Traditional File Environment (Continued),ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT,Traditional File Processing,Figure 7-3,Management Information Sy
14、stems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,Database Management System (DBMS),Software for creating and maintaining databases Permits firms to rationally manage data for the entire firm Acts as interface between application programs and physical data files Separates logical and design views of data Solv
15、es many problems of the traditional data file approach,THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,The Contemporary Database Environment,THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT,Figure 7-4,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing
16、 Data Resources,Components of DBMS:,Data definition language: Specifies content and structure of database and defines each data element Data manipulation language: Used to process data in a database Data dictionary: Stores definitions of data elements and data characteristics,THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT,Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources,Sample Data Dictionary Report,THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT,Figure 7-5,Management Information Systems
