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1、非谓语动词作定语和状语 韦正洪,模块7 UNIT 4 语法,非谓语动词 (Nonfinitive Verbs),高考语法,作定语和状语,谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词/助动词+ v.,系动词+表语,非谓语：主要包括不定式（to
2、 do），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。 e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. You are students, so you dont work in the factory. Being students, you dont work in the factory.,非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别 顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不 能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近 年来高考命题常常通过改变熟
3、悉的句型结构或 利用一些“ 貌合神离” 的手段，加大考生辨别 非谓语动词的难度。 一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓 语动词， 除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现 在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓 语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。,例1). At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海） A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat 解析： 此题大家易受习惯心理影响选
4、择分词，即 或项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的 是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与 sitting.,D,例2) Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. have been bought D. buying 解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为或。依据上面陈述，填入或句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为，bought through a comp
5、uter为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through也是正确的，因为这一动作出现在从句中。,B,小试牛刀 1). If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better_ it youve got some big bills coming A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 2). Daddy didn
6、t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having,A,D,3) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 4). Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure
7、” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given,A,C,非谓语,不定式（to do),分词,动名词(-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),- ing 分词,-ed 分词,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, leaving her hand
8、bag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,不定式和分词,都可充当:定语, 状语.,一. 非谓语动词作定语 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 “动宾关 系”, 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受 者; 如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式 动词后加上相应的介词。 Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. He was the last
9、one to leave school yesterday. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.,当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不 定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语 态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 1). Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything _(take) to your son? 2). Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything _(take) to your son?,to be taken
10、,to take,2. 现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修 饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系),1)Please tell the children playing outside not to make so much noise.,2) The factory making (= that makes) such tools is a small one run by Tom. 3)They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. 4)
11、Barking dogs seldom bite. 5) The building being built will be completed next year.,（=who are playing),进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 1) Some of the experiments _ in the book are easy to perform. A. describing B. to be described C. described D. to describe 2) It is said that Beijin
12、g University was the first institute of higher learning_ in China. A. established B. being established C. to be established D .having been established,C,A,Practise 1). The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. A. coving B. covered C. cover D. to cover. 2). There have been sever
13、al new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 3). The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. being recorded,A,D,A,4). Reading is an experience quite different f
14、rom watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 5)The English exam is not difficult, is it? _. Even Tom _ to the top students failed in it. A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging,C,C,6). The fl
15、owers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 7). A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语 修饰主语 flowers。,“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。,B,C,3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是： 现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表 示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如： The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance. The question _ (discus
