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1、中考英语语法复习： 动词的时态和语态,一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I think high school students should_ (give),pocket money.,be given,goes,2.The earth _ (go) around the sun.,3.Black tea_,(invent) in China more than,600 years ago.,was invented,will be,4.There _ (be) more than 50 schools in our city next,year.,isnt allowed,have ha
2、d,5.Parking _ (not allow) here. 6.I _ (have) this bike for more than two years.,二、单句改错,not allowis not allowed,1.I buy a new shirt yesterday._ 2.When we reach there, they work for a long time. _ 3 . The child not allow to play computer games before finishing homework._,4.Jane go to school by bus._,g
3、ogoes,5.The meeting holds next week._,buybought,workhave worked,holdswill be held,动词的第三人称单数 1一般情况直接加-s。如：,stopstops,looklooks readreads,2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加-es。如：,watchwatches,missmisses washwashes,fixfixes dodoes,3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如： hurryhurries crycries carrycarries 4be 动词的三种形式：a
4、m, is, are 5特殊：havehas,动词的过去式和过去分词 1规则动词： (1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：,rainrained cleancleaned,watchwatched,(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：,livelived,likeliked movemoved,(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字 母，再加-ed。如： dropdropped stopstopped planplanned (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。 如： carrycarried studystudied crycried 2
5、不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律 性不强，只能分别记忆。,动词的现在分词 1一般情况在词尾加-ing。如：,listenlistening dodoing,studystudying,2以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如： havehaving makemaking 3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字 母，再加-ing。如：,runrunning,getgetting,beginbeginning,4以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：,diedying,lielying,现在完成时中的一些重要用法 1短暂性动词和延续
6、性动词,短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在， 但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long 引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为 延续性动词。如：,borrowkeep buyhave,diebe dead,joinbe a member of/be in,begin/startbe on finish/endbe over,come/go/arrivebe in/at leavebe away (from) becomebe,openbe open,closebe closed sleepbe asleep,marrybe married
7、 returnbe back get upbe up,2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的,区别,(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人,还未回来。如：,Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？,(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。如：,Have you been to our town before? 你以前曾经去过我们镇吗？,(3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间,连用。如：,He has
8、 been in Guangzhou since 1989.,他自从 1989 年就待在广州了。,3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,(1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与 现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作， 与现在无关。如：,He has studied English for five years.,他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学),He studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在,学不学就不知道了),(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常,与模糊的时间状语连用，
9、或无时间状语。,被动语态,动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主 语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承 受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一 般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。,被动语态的构成,1一般现在时的被动语态,肯定句：主语am/is/are过去分词其他,否定句：主语am/is/arenot过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语过去分词其他？,2一般过去时的被动语态,肯定句：主语was/were过去分词其他,否定句：主语was/werenot过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Was/Were主语过去分词其他？ 3一般将来时的被动语态,肯定
10、句：主语will/shallbe过去分词其他 否定句：主语will/shallnotbe过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be过去分词其他？ 4一般现在时中含情态动词的被动语态,肯定句：主语情态动词be过去分词其他 否定句：主语情态动词notbe过去分词其他 一般疑问句：情态动词主语be过去分词其他？,被动语态的用法,1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。,如：,He was seen to go to the church. 他被看到去了教堂。,This bridge was founded in 1981.,这座桥于 1981 年竣工。,2需强调或突出动作的承受
11、者时常用被动语态。此时动作 的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。如：,She is liked by everyone.她被每个人所喜爱。,The novel was translated, read and filmed by people. 这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。,3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：,The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村,庄都被洪水冲走了。,The window was blown open by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。,4表示客观的说明常用“It is
12、过去分词that 从句”句,型。这类句型有：,It is said that.据说,It is known to all that.众所周知 It is reported that.据报道 It is believed that.大家相信,5为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态。,如：,Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.,苹果对健康有益，几乎所有人都喜欢。,When he was five, he was taught how to swim. 五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。,6文章的标题、广告
13、、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如： Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are) Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is),注意：不及物动词( 短语 )happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out 等无被动语态。,主动语态表示被动意义,1 系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become,等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如：,The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。,The flowers look beaut
14、iful.这些花看起来很漂亮。,2动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：,I have a lot of homework to do every day. 我每天都有很多作业要做。,She has a letter to write.她有一封信要写。,3need doing (need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意,义。如：,This shirt needs washing.,This shirt needs to be washed. 这衬衫需要清洗了。,(,)1.Hot water_ in the students,flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.
15、m.now.,A.supplies C.supplied,B.is supplied D.was supplied,B water 与 supply 之间是动宾关系，故排除 A、C 两项； 且由 now 可知描述的是一般情况，故选 B。,真题训练,(,)2.Our English teacher is very nice.We,_ friends since three years ago.,Awere Chave been,Bbecame Dhave made,C 由 since (自从)可以判断该句用现在完成时。become, make 是短暂性动词，不能和表示延续的时间连用；单独的 be 动词不能表达动词的连续性。故选 C。,(,)3.Jenny _ in the kitchen when,you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon. Ais cooking Bwas cooking Ccooks DCooked B 题意：当你今天下午 5 点打电话给 Jenny 时，
