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1、第二部分 重要语法,谓语动词在高考语法填空中是必考内容，每年必考一个小题，其中2009年有两个小题。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等几个方面。,谓语动词,请做下列高考真题。 1. (2013) Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son 思路点拨：found 在人称代词主格(he)后没有别的谓语动词，find应是谓语动词，又由宾语从句的时态和下句的时态可知，用一般过去时。,真题再练,2. (2012) He walked in as if he _ (buy) the scho
2、ol. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. 思路点拨：had bought 在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。,3. (2011) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 思路点拨：was pretending 由前后语境可知，指作者看到他时，他“在假装”
3、。,4. (2010) After a four-day journey, the young man_ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink 思路点拨：presented 谓语动词，由前后句谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时。,5. (2009) People stepped on your feet or_ (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 思路点拨: pushed 由or可知，与steppe
4、d并列，一起作谓语；stepped是一般过去时，所以push也用一般过去时。,6. (2009) When Jane got home Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane_ (inform). 思路点拨：was informed 句中Jane是主语，其后的inform应是谓语；又因Jane与inform是被动关系，且前面各句谓语动词均为一般过去时，所以inform用一般过去时的被动语态。,7. (2008) Being too anxious to help an eve
5、nt develop often_ (result) in the contrary to our intention. 思路点拨：results 因Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语，在句中作主语，没有别的谓语动词，括号中所给的result就应是谓语动词，根据句意“太着急促使一件事情发展，其结果往往和我们的意图相反(欲速则不达)。”这是谚语，是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填results。,8. (2007) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountai
6、ns. The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote village. 思路点拨：broke 在when后的句子中，my car是主语，其后的break应是谓语；因全文是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说was/were doingwhendid是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”.,考情分析,由上表可知，除2009年有两小题外，其余每年一个小题；除2008年是现在时外，其余为过去时，一般过去时4道，过去进行时1道，被动语态1道，虚拟语气1道。,在语法填空中
7、，一般有一空是考查谓语动词，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。其中时态的判断主要有三条依据： (1)根据前后句的时态判断； (2)根据时间状语来判断；,解题技巧,(3)根据固定句式来判断。如Hardly had sb. done whendid; was /were doing sth. whendid; its the first time when sb. has done等。,一、时态 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变
8、化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：,考点归纳,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式： be going to +动词原形。 be to+动词原形。 The book I edited is to appear soon. 我编的那本书不久即将问世。 be about to+动词原形。不能同表示时间的词语连用，表示“即将，就要”。,在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。 Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。 The plane takes off at 9:3
9、0 and arrives in Shanghai at 10:20. 飞机九点半起飞，十点二十分抵达上海。,表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表将来, 此时一定要与表示将来的时间状语连用。 They are having a party next week.下星期他们将开一个晚会。 (2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),二、语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为
10、被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，请看下表(以do为例)： 一般现在时：am/is/are done 一般过去时： was/were done 一般将来时： shall/will be done,过去将来时： should/would be done 现在进行时： am/is/are being done 过去进行时： was/were being done 现在完成时： has/ have been done 过去完成时： had been done 将来完成时： shall/ will have been done 过去将来完成时： shou
11、ld/would have been done,重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态，以及现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态。如： Something is learned every time a book is opened.开卷有益。 Roman was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。,三、语气 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 (一)用过去式表示的虚拟语气 1. if 引导的虚拟条件句。 虚拟条件句从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:,熟读背诵以
12、下例句，你就掌握了上表的构成形式： (1)与现在事实相反：If I were you, I would take his advice.如果我是你，我就采纳他的建议。(当然，我不可能是你) (2)与过去事实相反：If I had taken his advice，I wouldnt have made so many mistakes. 如果我当初采纳了他的忠告，我就不会犯这么多错误。(但我没听),(3)与将来事实相反：If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go there. 如果/万一明天下雨，我们就不去
13、那里。(估计下雨的可能性不大) 注意: (1) 虚拟中的倒装：如果if从句中含were，had, should等，可将其置于句首，省略if。 Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it. 要不是我亲眼所见，我都不会相信了。(= If I had not seen it),(2)错综时间条件句的虚拟语气，即主句与从句的时态不一致。 If I had studied harder at school, I would have a better job now. 如果我上学时更努力，我现在就会有份更好的工作了。(
14、事实是现在的工作不太好) (3) 含蓄虚拟：如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise代替if从句。 Without air, we couldnt live.没有空气，我们就不能生存。,Without your help, I couldnt have made such great progress.没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得这么大的成绩。 (4)两个固定句型：if it were not for ; if it had not been for 若不是 If it hadnt been for your care
15、，my grandma wouldnt have recovered so soon. 要不是有你的照顾，我奶奶就不会痊愈得这么快。,2. as if /或as though后面的从句内容与事实不相符时，从句时态往后退一步，即：表示现在/将来用were / did; 表示过去用had done。 He talks as if he knew everything in the world.他谈起话来就好像世上的事全晓得。 3. would rather后面的句子，其谓语动词的时态往后退一步，即：表示现在/将来用were / did; 表示过去用had done。,I would rather
16、you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。 I would rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。(but he had told me) 4. wish / If only / What if从句中，对将来的虚拟用“could / would + 动词原形”。对现在或过去的虚拟时态往后各退一步。 I wish she were not married. 我真希望她没结婚。,I wish I hadnt wasted so much time. 但愿我没浪费这么多时间。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当初听了我父母的话就好了。 (二)用(should+)动词原形表示的虚拟语气 1. 句型It is important / necessary / natural / strange
