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1、作定语和状语的非谓语动词一、作定语1. 不定式一般表示将来的动作。如：He is a very nice person to talk with.Edison was the first man to invent electric lights.2. -ing分词一般表示：1) 动作正在进行。如：a sleeping child, developing countries2) 被修饰的名词的性质、特点等。如：an interesting story, disappointing news3) 被修饰的名词的用途、性能等。如：a swimming pool, a reading room3.
2、过去分词一般表示被动动作的完成或结束。如：a broken cup, fallen leaves试比较：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.The meeting being held tomorrow is important.The meeting held tomorrow is important.二、作状语：1. 不定式一般表示目的、结果等。如：To learn English well, he bought many English books and tapes. (目的)He woke up to find the grou
3、nd covered with snow. (结果)2.-ing分词和过去分词一般表示时间、原因、条件和伴随状况等。如：Wandering in the street, I caught sight of a tailors shop. (时间)Turning left, you will get to the bookstore. (条件)Frightened at the sight, she screamed. (原因)They stood there talking about something.(伴随)试比较：He hurried to the railway station, h
4、oping to catch the train.(伴随)He hurried to the railway station to catch the train.(目的)注：作状语时，不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的逻辑主语一般要和句子的主语一致。如：误：To learn to swim, much practice is needed.正：To learn to swim, one need much practice.但judging from, generally speaking, strictly speaking, to tell the truth等短语一般作独立主格成分，因无需考虑它们和句子主语的关系。如：Judging from the hat he wears, the old man was a farmer.Talking of cleaning, it is about time you did the windows, isnt it？Generally speaking， the most important news is on the front page.
