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1、Unit 1 Women of achievement Period 3 Learning about Language 主谓一致,【观察思考】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. Bob _ a worker. (be) 2. All of them _ workers. (be) 3. The research group _ of five people. (consist) 4. He has to worry. His food _ run out. (have) 5. Two years _ passed since he left Xian. (have),is,are,consis
2、ts,has,has,6. The old _ being taken good care of in our society. (be) 7. Not only you but also he _ wrong. (be) 8. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting. (be),are,is,was,【语法探究】 . 名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 集合名词family, group, class, team, club, crowd, police, audience, company, committee, government等被看作
3、一个整体 时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 如果表示成员, 谓语动词则用复数形 式。 My family _ very large. 我的家庭很大。(强调整体) His family _ waiting for him. 他的家人在等他。(强调成员),is,are,2. 单、复数同形名词means, sheep, deer, series, works, species 等作主语时, 必须根据具体意思来确定其谓语的单、复数形 式。 All possible means have been tried. (翻译) _ Every possible means has been tried. (翻译)
4、_,所有可能的方法都试了。,每一种可能的方法都试了。,3. 表示成双成套的名词, 如trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes等作 主语, 谓语用复数。若与a pair/suit of连用, 谓语用单数形式。 A pair of glasses _ quite a lot now. (cost) 现在一副眼镜值很多钱。 The shoes _ _ my feet, so Ill change them. (fit) 我的鞋不合脚, 因此我要换一双。,costs,dont,fit,4. clothing, baggage/luggage, furniture, jewel
5、lery, equipment等不可数名词作主语, 谓语用单数形式。 The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain. 我们厂的设备都是从英国进口的。,. 并列主语的主谓一致 1. 名词+ with (along with/together with/as well as / rather than/but/like等)+名词, 作主语时谓语动词的形式与第一个名 词一致。 The mother along with her two children _ _ _ _ every weekend. 母亲与她的两个孩子每个周末都去公
6、园。 A gift together with many flowers _ _ to me on Teachers Day. 教师节那天有人送给我一件礼物和很多鲜花。,goes,to,the,park,was,sent,2. 由or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also 等连接的并列主语, 通常根据就近原则, 谓语动词与和它邻近 的主语一致。 Either he or I _ to blame. 不是他就是我该受责备。 Not only the teacher but also his st
7、udents _ _ invited to the meeting. 不但老师就连他的学生们也被邀请去参加这次会议。,am,have,been,3. 由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no, every, each, many a等 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is studying hard. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都在用功学习。 No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。,【悟一悟参透误区】 由and连接的两个单数名词表示两个不同的概念时, 谓语用复数; 但当表示同一人、物或同一概
8、念时, 谓语动词仍用单数。 The scientist and professor has made great contributions to the research. 这位科学家兼教授在这项研究中做出了巨大贡献。,. 数量概念作主语时的主谓一致 1. 表示时间、距离、重量、价格等的名词复数形式作主语时, 常看成一个整体, 谓语动词用单数。 $ 5, 000 is a large sum of money for him. 对他来说五千美元是一笔不少的钱。 40 kilometers is a long distance for him to get there on foot. 四十千
9、米的路途对他步行来说是一段很长的距离。,2. a number of修饰名词作主语时谓语动词用复数; the number of修饰名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 A number of new houses _ _ _ there. 那儿已建了许多新房子。 _ _ _ people doing fitness training is on the increase. 进行健身锻炼的人数在不断增加。,have,been,built,The,number,of,3. 一般来说, a large quantity of修饰名词作主语时谓语动词通 常用单数; 而large quantities of修
10、饰名词作主语时, 谓语动词 通常用复数。 A large quantity of trees has been planted on either side of the road. =Large quantities of trees _ _ planted on either side of the road. 道路两旁种植了很多树。,have,been,4. some, most, rest以及分数或百分数修饰名词时, 谓语动词的单复数根据所指代的名词而确定。 Two thirds of his income has been spent on books. 他收入的2/3都花在了买书上
11、。,5. population表示“人口”总称时, 谓语常用单数, 常用形容词large或small修饰; 表示“几分之几”的人口则是指具体人口, 谓语用复数。 70% of the population in that country are still in poverty. 那个国家70%的人仍在贫困中。,. 定语从句中的主谓一致 1. 在定语从句中, 关系代词that, who, which等作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。 2. 在“one of +复数名词+ who/which/that引导的定语从句”中, 若关系代词在定语从句中充当主语, 谓语常用复数。若o
12、ne前有the(only/very/right)修饰时, 定语从句的谓语动词用单数。,Those who enjoy singing may join us. 喜欢唱歌的那些人可以加入我们。 Tom is one of the students who have passed the exam. 汤姆是通过这次考试的学生中的一个。 Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 汤姆是唯一通过这次考试的学生。,. 不定式/动名词/主语从句作主语时的主谓一致 主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数。 Whe
13、n the meeting will be held _ _ _ _ yet. 何时开会还没有定下来。 Reading in the sun _ _ _ our eyes. 在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。,has,not,been,decided,does,harm,to,【悟一悟参透误区】 what引导主语从句, 谓语动词通常用单数, 但后面所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语则可用复数形式。 What we need are teachers. 我们所需要的是老师。,【真题体验】 1. (2014湖南高考)All we need a small piece of land where we can
14、 plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. were 【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意: 我们所需要的就是一小块土地, 能够在一年的生长季节在上面种植各种各样的果树。句子的主干为All we need a small piece of land, 其中we need是定语从句, all在此指的是a small piece of land, 且根据语境知为现在时态, 故谓语动词应用is。,2. (2013江苏高考)Generally,
15、students inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 一般说来, 学生的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的发展是必要的。此处考查主谓一致中的就前原则, 除了with外, 还有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。根据就前原则, 谓语动词的数应与inner motivation一致, 因此使用单数形式, 排除B项和D项。然后根据generally确定使用一般现在时, 因此答案为A。,【易错点拨】 本题学生容易误选B, 因为有些学生认为with, together with, along with, as well as等连接两个名词作主语时遵循就近原则, 其实是就远原则, 故选A。,3. (2013湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8, 450 a year, which a burden for some of them.
