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1、,时态和语态是高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下： 1. 时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：,考点解密,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。 (2)现在进行时与always，continu
2、ally，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),2. 语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“will be +过去分词”。,在高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语
3、动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。,解题技巧,例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event de
4、velop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。,例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car.
5、 (广东),分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed。,时态语态,一、考点分析 谓语动词的时态语态在全国卷高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然考试说明中的列了十种时态，但常考的只是一般现在时和一般过去时。,1.一般现在时。 Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40
6、 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 解析句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。,results,2.一般过去时。 After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.,解析句中the young man是主语，
7、其后的present应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一般过去时。,presented,3.固定句式中的时态。 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village.,解析 在when后面的句子中，my car是主语，break应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说was/were doingwhen did是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。
8、,broke,4.一般过去时的被动语态。 Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).,解析 Jane是主语，其后的inform应是谓语动词；因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。,was informed,二、真题演练 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead
9、to get to a bargain. (2009年广东),1. pushed 与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。,pushed,2. Is everyone here? Not yet. Look, there _ (come) the rest of our guests!,2. come。由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态，又因为句子主语the rest of our guest为复数，故填come。,come,3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (
10、wear) evening dress. (2010全国卷II),3. wears。根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，要用一般现在时；由于one of the women前有only修饰，说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的，而不是修饰women的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数；故填wears。,wears,4. Every few years, the coal workers _(have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (上海卷),4. have。根据句中的every few years(每隔几年) 可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用
11、一般现在时。,have,5. The church tower which _ (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (上海卷),5. is being restored。根据句中的will be open to tourists soon(不久将对游客开放) 以及 The work is almost finished(工程差不多快结束了) 可知，the church tower的修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。,is being restored,6. The book ha
12、s been translated into thirty languages since it _(come) on the market in 1973. (重庆卷),6. came。主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。,came,7. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ (arrive) safely. (2010全国卷I),7. have arrived。根据常识，说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。,have arrived,8. Up to now, the progra
13、m _ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (山东卷),8. has saved。短语up to now的意思是“到现在为止”，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。,has saved,9. For many years, people _ (dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (浙江卷),9. have dreamed。根据句意和句中的时态has be
14、en，以有for many years(多年来) 可知，要用现在完成时。,have dreamed,10. 一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we _ our plan. (四川卷),10. have finished。再根据句意和常识可知，人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。,have finished,11. Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends _ (wait) for us. (北京卷),11. are waiting。对
15、话的意思是：“我还有没吃完饭。”“但是我们的朋友在等我们了。”,are waiting,12. I walked slowly through the market, where people _(sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (湖南卷),12. were selling。根据常识，在“我慢慢走过市场时”，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在卖，“我”才会“仔细研究其价格”“买下需要的东西”。,were selling,13. Were
16、you surprised by the ending of the film? No, I _(read) the book, so I already knew the story. (2010安徽卷),13. had read。由语境可知，“看这本书”应该是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。,had read,14. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ (do) for me. (北京卷),14. had done。句中do的动作应发生took之前，故用过去完成时。,had done,15. I was just going to cut my rose bushes bu
