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1、动词不定式,结构 : to do (否定) not to do,二. 时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,1. 作主语,2. 作宾语,3. 作宾语补足语,4. 作定语,5. 作状语,6. 作表语,7. 作独立成分,8. 与疑问词等连用,三. 用法/ 功能,To see is to believe. Its important to learn .,(1). 主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.,My job to help
2、 the patient. Your task to clean the classroom.,is,is,(2). 表语,I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.,(3) 宾语,think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.
3、,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,(4). 宾补,二看,watch,see,look at,三使,let,make,have,一听,listen to,hear,四注意:,feel,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,notice,五感觉:,I made him do his work.,He was made to do his work (by me).,不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介
4、词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.,(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep.,I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.,(5). 定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物
5、动词, 则不定式中要有介词.),不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。,2. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。,3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, pla
6、ce或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。,请给我一支写字的笔.,Please give me a pen to write with.,4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you） 2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
7、 （不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）,I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 状语,in order to , so as to , enough to , only to , too.to.,(7).独立结构,to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.,关于小品词to,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.,e
8、g: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.,不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is
9、when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?,固定句型:,had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B would rather (not) do s
10、th. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进
11、行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的 动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic. hav
12、ing been B. to have been C. to be D. being,B,D,C,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard _. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.The light in the office is still on.
13、- Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,B,D,C,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making
14、D. to solve, made 8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study,B,A,9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the
15、work _ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go,B,D,B,12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made 13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg 14.The boy pretended _ when his mothe
