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1、Unit 2 语法篇_熟练掌握本章重点语法知识。一、由that,if和whether引导的宾语从句1.由陈述句充当宾语从句时，这个宾语从句由that引导，在口语中that可以省略。Ihear(that)shesgoingtogiveyouacall.注意：（1）宾语从句要用陈述句语序。Ibelievethatshehasleftthecity.(2)如果主句是一般过去时，从句则只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时）。Isaidthatitwastimeweweresettingout.(3)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或公式、定理、谚语、名人名言等，则用一般现在
2、时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.2.由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，该从句由if/whether引导，且从句要用陈述句语序。Heaskedif/whethertheyneededanyhelp.温馨提示：if和whether引导的宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但要注意下列情况：(1)宾语从句至句首时用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Icantsay.(2)介词后用whether.Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.(3)与不定式连用whether。Hecantdecidewhethe
3、rtoacceptorrefuse.(4)当与ornot连用时用whether。二what和how引导的感叹句1.感叹句句型结构（1）what引导的感叹句的中心词时名词。该名词前常有形容词修饰，句中的主语和谓语一般可省去。句型结构为：what(+a/an)+形容词+名词（主语+谓语）！Whatacoldday(itis)today!Whatdeliciousfood(itis)!What引导感叹句中的名词若为单数可数名词，要用不定冠词a/an，而不用the；若为复数或不可数名词，则不用冠词。（2）how引导的感叹句的中心词时形容词或副词。其句型结构为：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！或how
4、+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！Howcolditistoday!Howhappythechildrenare!2.陈述句改为感叹句常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法：(1)“一断”，即在谓语动词后边断开，把句子分成两部分Sheisabeautifulgirl.Heworkshard.(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一个词为形容词、副词，就加上how；如果是名词（词组），就加上what。Sheis（what）abeautifulgirl.Heworks(how)hard.(3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹句。Whatabeautifulgirlsh
5、eis!Howhardheworks!易错易混全解bring,carry,fetch与take(1)bring表示“拿来，带来”，指从别处把某物带来。它表示单程，与take的方向相反。Thislittlegirlbroughtmehere.(2)carry表示“携带，搬运”，有“负担”的含义，它指从一地到另一地的运动，但不说明动作的方向。Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(3)fetch表示“去取来，去请来”，指到别处去把某物取来，或把某人接来。它表示往返，指双程。Herushedhometofetchhisraincoat.Runandfetchthedoctor,p
6、lease.(4)take表示“拿走，带走”，指把某物从说话者所在地拿走，或把人带走。它指单程，与bring的方向相反。Takethelettertothepostoffice.Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom.Couldyouhelpme,please1. The cat _ on the kitchen floor when I came in.A. was lyingB. was laying C. liedD. lay2. Can you spare time to come to our Thanksgiving party? Well, I do
7、nt know _A. that I can finish my work by thenB. if can I finish the work by thenC. whether I can finish the work by thenD. that can I finish the work by then 3. _ fine weather it is today!A. What aB. How a C. WhatD. How4. Ive decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering _ you could go with
8、me.A. ifB. when C. thatD. Where5. Mother told me sound _ slower than light.A. traveledB. travel C. travelsD. traveling解析：1. A 由句意“当我进来时，猫正卧在厨房的地板上”可知，此处应用过去进行时，lie（躺）的现在分词为lying，故选A。2. C 由句意“你能抽时间参见感恩节聚会吗？ 我不太确定那是我能不能完成我的工作。且宾语从句中从句为陈述句语序，故选C。3. C weather为不可数名词，故用what引导感叹句且不用冠词a。4. A 句意：我已经决定下周末去伦敦。
9、我想知道你是否能和我一起去。故选A。5. C 句意：妈妈告诉我声音传播得比光慢。宾语从句所述内容为客观真理时，其时态要用一般现在时，故选C。基础演练从方框中选择合适的词完成句子，注意词形的变化put on, lay, treat, lie, steal, end up, spread, tie1. Kate ate five meals a day during the summer vacation. She has _ 8 pounds.2. I am going to _ myself to a new pair of shoes.3. Santa Claus _ love and jo
10、y everywhere he goes.4. If he doesnt make a change, he will _ in prison.5. She _ the baby down gently on the bed last night.6. Clothes were _ all over the floor.7. Weve found out hed been _ from us for years.8. Common gifts for Fathers Day are shirts and _.答案： 1.put on 2. treat 3. spreads 4. end up
11、5. laid 6. lying 7. stealing 8. Ties巩固提高一将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词。1. The weather is fine._ _ _ it is!2. The stories are very boring._ _ the stories are!3. The building is so tall._ _ tall building it is!4. Tom is running very fast._ _ Tom is running!5. The boy is very lazy._ _ the boy is!答案：What fine weather
12、 How boring 3. What a4. How fast 5. How lazy二将下列句子合并成含宾语从句的复合句。1. The girl dances very well. I believe._2. They will visit the Great Wall next Friday. Im sure._3. Can Mike speak Chinese? I wonder._Is she washing clothes at home? Nobody knows._5. You should say hello to her. I think._答案： 1. believe (that) the girl dances very well.2. Im sure (that) they will visit the Great Wall next Friday.3. I wonder whether / if Mike can speak Chinese.4. Nobody knows whether / if she is washing clothes at home.5. I think (that) you should say hello to h
