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1、2018 届高考语法专项 形容词和副词1形容词后缀(1)able：v.able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable 等。n.able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable 等。(2)ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible 等。(3)al: international, mental, medical, natural, general 等。(4)ant 或ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, dif
2、ferent, absent 等。(5)ed 或ing：interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing 等。(6)en：wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken 等。(7)ern：eastern, southern, western, northern 等。(8)ful：n.ful：colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful 等。v.ful：forgetful, careful 等。(9)less：fearless, harmless, useless, helpless 等。(1
3、0)ly：friendly, lovely, daily, weekly 等。(11)n./v.(i)ous：curious, dangerous, various, anxious 等。(12)some：handsome, troublesome, tiresome 等。(13)n.y：funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty 等。2形容词前缀(1)un：unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary 等。(2)im： impossible, impolite, impatient 等。(3)in：
4、inactive, inconvenient, incorrect 等。(4)dis： disabled, dishonest 等。(5)ir： irregular, irresponsible 等。(6)il： illegal 等。3副词后缀一般都是 adj.ly 构成，如 differentdifferently 等。注意：以e 结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉 e，有的不去 e，直接加ly。例如：definitedefinitely，truetruly。 典例 (2016全国卷乙语法填空)From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The ti
5、tle will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.officially 解析：设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式，故填 officially。单句语法填空/单句改错1(2017山东下学期综合测试)Ron had a _ (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.successful 解析：句意：在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。名词 career 前需用形容词作定语，故答案为 succe
6、ssful。2(2015陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life，she did what comes _ (natural)naturally 解析：句意强调“她做了一件顺其自然的事” ，即符合狗本性的事。此处应该用副词 naturally 作状语，修饰动词 comes。3(2016四川高考语法填空)Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a ver
7、y _ (care) mother.careful/caring 解析：她是一个非常仔细的/充满爱心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。4(2015全国卷语法填空)As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.natural 解析：根据后面的名词可知，这里要用形容词修饰后面的名词 architects。故填 natural。5(2015全国卷短文改错)How nice
8、 to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried._terribleterribly 解析：此处修饰形容词 worried，故用副词形式。1在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法，如 before, ago, many, much, ever, never 等。2有些副词，如 fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等，作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的
9、结构和用法特点，有助于快速填空。3连接副词的用法连接副词逻辑语意意义though表转折虽然，然而yet表转折然而，可是however表转折，其后常用逗号然而，但是instead表转折或相反相反，代替otherwise表转折否则besides表递进另外，而且moreover表递进再说，而且still表递进仍然，依然therefore表结果因此thus表结果因此anyway表让步无论如何Bicycling is of great benefit to our health, besides, , it does not pollute the air.骑自行车有助于我们身体健康，并且对空气无污染。
10、典例 (2015全国卷短文改错)Much rare animals are dying out.MuchMany 解析：可数名词复数 animals 前应该用 many 修饰。注意：首字母应该大写。单句改错1(2017广西下学期适应性测试)Unfortunate, when he went downstairs again，he found the machine had been broken._UnfortunateUnfortunately 解析：分析该句结构可知，此处应用副词位于句首作状语修饰整个句子。2(全国卷)Nearly five years before, and with t
11、he help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden._beforeago 解析：由语境可知， “我”和妹妹五年前在父亲的帮助下，在后花园里种植了一些圣女果，五年前应为 five years ago。3(2016全国卷丙短文改错)However, my parents didnt seem to think such. _suchso 解析：此处 think 为动词，其后应用副词 so，意为“(刚说过的事物)这样，那样” 。so 的类似用法有 I hope so,
12、 if so 等。such 为代词或限定词，故将 such 改为 so。4(辽宁高考)The early morning barking has been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day._BesideBesides 解析：句意：清晨的狗叫让人很烦，因为我们经常整晚照顾孩子；而且，克利奥平均一天吠叫 6 个小时。根据句意可知，应将 Beside 改为副词 Besides(而且)，表示递进关系。介词
13、beside 意为“在旁边” 。5(全国卷)However, he was the gentlest man I have never known._neverever 解析：根据语境可知，此处句意为“然而，他是我认识的最绅士的人” 。1等级用法的固定句式(1)as形容词或副词原级as像一样(2)asadj.a(n)n.单数as像一样(3)not so/as形容词或副词原级as不如那样(4)too/howadj.a/an单数名词 多么/太(5)as many复数名词as或者 as much不可数名词as和一样多(6)表示“两者中较的一个” ，用“the比较级”的结构。as mucha/ann.
14、单数as既是又是It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。 2修饰比较级的副词及副词短语a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no 等。见到这些词时，首先考虑所填的空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。very, quite, fairly, too 等通常修饰原级。 I wonder if you are feeling a
15、ny better today.我想知道你今天是否感觉好点。The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。3比较级、最高级常用句式“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越越”It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两个中较的”Which is the better of the two universities, , Shanghai Jiao Tong University or Fudan University?上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?你认为这是野餐的好天气吗？Yes. You cant h
