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1、英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,Kirsten Qi Hebei University of Engineering,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,2,词汇特点,（一）新词层出不穷 Google Email Cybersurf Webzine Cyberphobia 3G GPRs bluetooth DSL Bioinformatics proteomics,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,3,计算机网络领域 YouTube把视频上传到网上 Cybersquatting 抢注域名 Net neutrality 网络中立性 Phish网络钓鱼 Cyber-interaction 网络互动 Webc
2、asting网络播放,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,4,人力资源领域 HER电力化人力资源管理 HRM人力资源管理 E-recruite电子化招聘 Tele-office远程办公 Executive recruiters 猎头公司 Blue type 硬文化 Flextime弹性工作制 Green type 软文化,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,5,商务领域 Viral marketing病毒性营销 E-tailing 电子零售 E-journal 电子期刊,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,6,（二）词汇构成多元化 （1）借用robot机器人 Cassette盒式磁带 Sputnik人造卫星 B
3、razilian pebble石英水晶 Xerox静电复印机 Diesel engine 柴油机,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,7,（2）compounding合成法 English technical terms formed by compounding generally take three forms: combining with a hyphen (e. g. salt-former 卤素, pulse-scaler 脉冲定标器) without hyphen (e.g. fallout 放射性尘埃, waterlock 水闸, thunderstorm 雷暴) two or m
4、ore separate words forming a word combination (e. g. verbal translator 逐字翻译机, hover craft 气垫船, satellite antimissile observation system 卫星反导弹观察系统).,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,8,Software软件 Keydrive键控 Hot-press热压 Drug-fast耐药的 Aci-fast耐酸的 Brain-trust智囊团,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,9,（3）blending混成法 This is a variant of compound
5、ing, omitting the latter part of the first word and clipping off the first part of the second word. Masstige=mass+prestige 大众精品 smog = smoke + fog(烟雾） telex = teleprinter + exchange （电传打字交换） gravisphere = gravity + sphere （引力层 ） medicare = medical + care （医疗保险） biorhythm = biological +rhythm （生物节律）,
6、英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,10,（4）截断法clipping Wiki=wikipedia Auto=automobile lab=laboratory,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,11,（5）缩略法Acronym An acronym is a word made up from the first letters of the name of something 。 ADP automatic data processing 自动化数据处理 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome GSV guided space vehicle 有制导的航天
7、器 RAM random access memory 随机存取存贮器,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,12,（6）类比 Arm Crane悬臂式起重机 Bridge crane 桥式吊车 Cable crane 缆式起重机 Spike dog 道钉 Stop dog 止动器 Watchdog密码识别软件,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,13,（7）派生 Affixation: It is the most flexible means of forming new words and its potential of creation is almost boundless bio-(生命、生物)
8、, thermo-（热）, electro-(电), aero-(空气) carbo-(碳), hydro-(水), -ite(矿物), -mania(热，狂),英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,14,miniultrasonicprober = mini + ultra +sonic +prober 微型超声波金属探测仪 macrospacetransship = macro +space + trans + ship 巨型空间转运飞船 teletypesetter = tele + type + setter 电传排字机 bathythermograph = bathy +thermo + g
9、raph 海水测温仪 barothermograph = baro + thermo + graph 气压温度记录器 deoxyribonucleic = de + oxy + ribo + nucleic 脱氧核糖核 photomorphogenesis = photo +morpho + genesis光形态发生,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,15,Common Prefixes, Suffixes and Affixes in Technical Terms Translation and Common Head,attached,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,16,(三）词义复杂多变
10、Cell 小屋电学：电池冶金学：电解槽医学：细胞无线电：元件,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,17,以专业判断词义 以搭配确定词义 以句法确定词义,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,18,1. 词的多义性 2. 词的搭配 3. 词义的选择 4.词义引申译法 5. 加词译法 6.减词译法 7.词性转移法 8.重复译法 9.反面着笔译法 10. 专业术语译法,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,19,词的多义性,1. He is a man of difficult access 2. His eloquence found access to many hearts 3. He was seized wit
11、h an access of grief 4. Students must have access to good books 5. The only access to the farm house is across the fields 6. Solve problem by direct access to a computer,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,20,他是一个难以接近的人。 他的雄辩打动了许多人的心。 他被悲伤所困扰。 学生必须有机会读到好书。 通到农舍的唯一通路是经过田间。 直接利用计算机解题。,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,21,7. Random access pr
12、ocedures are well matched to the needs of brusty user since the entire bandwidth of a channel can be used by a station once it successfully accesses.随机访问规程最适合于突发性用户的需要，因为一旦某一个站成功地接人网内，它就可占用信道的全部带宽。,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,22,8. The two basic methods, timedivision multiple access (TDMA), and frequentdivision
13、multiple access (FDMA), are both analyzed 本文对两种基本方法：时分多址(TDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)都作了分析,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,23,9. Note for completeness that a third method，codedivision multiple access (CDMA), is also a member of the fixed assignment class 为了使本文更加完整，顺便指出第三种多址方式，即码分多址(CDMA)，也是固定分配方式的一种类型。,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,24,10. Car
14、riersense multiple access (CSMA) protocols are refinements on the pure and slotted ALOHA protocols 载波侦听多点访问(CSMA)协议是对纯ALOHA和时隙ALOHA协议的改进。,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,25,词的搭配,动词与名词的搭配 The earth moves round the sun.地球绕太阳旋转。 Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.热量从温度较高的物体传到温度较低的物体上。 Move M to other work调M去做别的工
15、作。 He has moved his furniture into another house他已将家具搬到别的房子里去了。,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,26,The ship moved southward船向南航行。 The procession moved along the road游行队伍沿途行进。 History moves with the current of the worlds civilization.历史和世界文化的潮流共同前进。 Lorries were used to move the troops to the front.用大卡车将军队运送到前线去。,英语科
16、技文献的词汇特点与翻译,27,The work moves slowly工作进展缓慢。 The bus moves slowly汽车行驶缓慢。 Things are not moving as rapidly as we had hoped.事得进展得没有像我们希望的那么快。The story moved us deeply这个故事深深地感动了我们。The army moved on (or against) M.军队向M进发。,英语科技文献的词汇特点与翻译,28,A few leaves moved in the wind有几片树叶在风中飘动。He moved very slowly because he suffered from rheumatism.因为他患风湿病，所以行动很迟缓。Normally in schools boys move up every year.通常孩子们在学校里每年都升级。,
