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1、Appliable Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 适用语言学与应用语言学,Main Points,1 Halliday vs Widdowson 2 The definition of AL 3 Widdowsons distinction between AL & LA 4 Hallidays SFL & appliable linguistics 5 Widdowsons criticism 6 Widdowsons motivation of distinguishing AL from LA 7 Discussion,1 Halliday vs
2、 Widdowson,Halliday: Systemic Functional Linguistics, Appliable Linguistics Widdowson: Applied linguistics, Linguistics applied,Halliday: Systemic Functional Linguistics, Appliable Linguistics,系统功能语言学Systemic Functional Linguistics 适用语言学 Appliable LinguisticsHalliday, M.A.K., An Introduction to Func
3、tional Grammar. Arnold, 1985, 1994. Halliday, M.A.K., Working with meaning: Towards an appliable linguistics. In Webster (ed) Meaning in Context, Continuum,2008, 7-23. Halliday, M.A.K., McIntosh, A. & Strevens, P., The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longman, 1964.,Widdowson: Appl
4、ied linguistics, Linguistics applied,“应用语言学”（Applied Linguistics, AL） “语言学的应用”（Linguistics Applied, LA）Widdowson, H.G. 1980. “Models and fictions.” Applied Linguistics. 1/2: 165-70. (also in Widdowson, 1984. Explorations in Applied linguistics 2. OUP,21-27)Widdowson, H.G. 2000. “On the limitation of
5、 linguistics applied.” Applied Linguistics. 21/1: 3-25.,2 Definition of AL,Corder (1973: 10) The application of linguistic knowledge to some object or applied linguistics, as its name implied is an activity. It is not a theoretical study. It makes use of the findings of theoretical studies. The appl
6、ied linguist is a consumer, or user, not a producer, of theories. If we use the term “theory” as it is used in science, then there is no such thing as a “theory of language teaching” or a “theory of speech therapy” or a “theory of literary criticism”. Language teaching is also an activity, but teach
7、ing languages is not the same activity as applied linguistics.,R. Kaplan & H.G. Widdowson,Applied Linguistics Whenever knowledge about language is used to solve a basic language-related problem, one may say that Applied Linguistics is being practised. Applied Linguistics is a technology which makes
8、abstract ideas and research findings accessible and relevant to the real world; it mediates between theory and practice. (In W. Bright (ed.) International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford: OUP, 1992),3 Widdowsons AL & LA,Widdowson (1980/1984: 21): Thus applied linguistics can be understood as a k
9、ind of linguistics, like historical linguistics or folk linguistics. This presumably allows its practitioners to define an independent perspective on the general phenomena of language and to establish principles of enquiry without necessary reference to those which inform linguistics tout court and
10、tel quel.,With linguistics applied we do not have this option. Whatever we do with linguistics, however we apply it, the informing principles which define this area of enquiry, already pre-established, must remain intact. Any other principles we invoke must be auxiliary operating principles and have
11、 to do not with theory as such but with the technology of application.,Widdowson (1980/1984: 21-22): It seems to me, then, that with linguistics applied the theory of language and the models of description deriving from it must be those of linguistics. As an activity, therefore, it is essentially co
12、nformist. Applied linguistics, on the other hand, can develop its own non-conformist theory, its own relevant models of description.,Widdowson (1980/1984: 22): Both lines of approach have their dangers. The tendency of linguistics applied will be to dance attendance to whatever tune is currently in
13、theoretical fashion. The tendency of applied linguistics will be to dance around in circles with no tune at all. 桂诗春（2008：35）：在语言学的应用里，语言理论和语言模型都是来自语言学的；作为一种活动而言，它主要是遵奉主义的。相反，应用语言学可以有它自己的非遵奉主义的理论、发展它自己的有关的描述模型。,Widdowson (1980/1984: 22): For linguistics applied, therefore, the question of central co
14、ncerned is: how far can existing models of description in linguistics be used to resolve the practical problems of language use we are concerned with? For applied linguistics, the central question is: how can relevant models of language description be devised, and what are the factors which will det
15、ermine their effectiveness?,Widdowson (2000: 5): The differences between these modes of intervention is that in the case of linguistics applied the assumption is that the problem can be reformulated by the direct and inilateral application of concepts and terms deriving from linguistic enquiry itsel
16、f. That is to say, language problems are amenable to linguistics solutions. In the case of applied linguistics, intervention is crucially a matter of mediation.,Here there is the recognition that linguistic insights are not self-evident but a matter of interpretation; that ideas and findings from li
17、nguistics can only be made relevant in reference to other perceptions and perspectives that define the context of the problem. Applied linguistics is in this respect a multilateral process which, of its nature, has to relate and reconcile different representations of reality, including that of linguistics without excluding others.,
