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1、第十周 虚拟语气 一、if 条件从句中的虚拟语气 Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012湖南高考) 对不起，我太忙了。要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游。 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.(2012天 津高考) 如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。 Grace doesnt want to move to New York
2、 because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.(2012安徽高考) 格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。 if 条件句中虚拟语气的用法 规律总结 if 条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 动词过去式(be 的过去式用 were) should/would/could/might 动词原形 表示过去情况had过去分词 should/would/could/mighth ave过去分词 should
3、动词原形 动词过去式表示将来情况 were to动词原形 should/would/could/might 动词原形 二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt been caught drunk driving last month.(2014北京海淀模拟) 事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。 If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.(20
4、14杭 州一检) 要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。 规律总结 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综 时间条件句” ，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 三、省略 if 的倒装句 If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。 Had they known what was coming next, they might have had seco
5、nd thoughts.(2012浙 江高考) 要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。 规律总结 在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略 if，把 were, had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。 四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 Im really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.(2
6、014湖南长郡中学等十 二校二次联考) 我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。 I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.(2011天津高 考) 我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。 规律总结 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由 otherwise, but, or, without, but for 等来引 导或者通过上下文引出。 五、(should) do .结构的虚拟语气 Teachers recommend parents not allow their children un
7、der 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010福建高考) 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们 12 岁以下的孩子骑车上学。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 人们建议会议推迟到下周。 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should
8、) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。 规律总结 1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend 等。 宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形” ，should 可以省略。 2用于主语从句中 在 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necess
9、ary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat 从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，should 可以省略。 3用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从 句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形” ，should 可以省略。 六、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希
10、望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。 I wish that I hadnt agreed to go to Jims party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2014北京东城一模) 我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。 How I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球。 wish 后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气 规律总结 1对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式(be 用 were) 2对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词 3对将来
11、情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could/might动词原形 七、其他句型中的虚拟语气 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture. (2010江苏高考) 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。 Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
12、 (2014浙江六校联考) 是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。 He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind. 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。 Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！ 规律总结 1would rather 后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿” 。用一般过去时表示 与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 2
13、在“It is (about/high)timethat 从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原 形”表示虚拟语气。 3as if, as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反 用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 4if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。 考点一 if 条件句中的虚拟语气 1(2013北京高考)If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. Ahave booked Bbooked Cbook Dhad booked 解析：选
14、D 句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候 了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句 用过去完成时。 2(2013天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. Awill be Bwould be Chas been Dwould have been 解析：选 B 句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得 更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气，根
15、据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况 的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选 B。 3(2013江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. Athought Bwould think Chad thought Dhave thought 解析：选 C 根据题干中的“should not have laughed”可知，此处是对过去的事情的虚 拟，因此 if 从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。 考点二 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 4(2013安徽高考)I _ to my cousins birthday party last night,
16、 but I was not available. Awent Bhad gone Cwould go Dwould have gone 解析：选 D 句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。but I was not available 表示的是过去的真实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于 if I had been available (如果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用 “would/might/could/shouldhave done”结构。 5(2011陕西高考)I _through that bitter period without your generous help. Acouldnt have gone Bd
