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1、,作文常用词、句型、段落,一、作文应试步骤,应试作文一般要遵循审题构思、草拟提纲、文章写作和复查四个阶段。例：Direction:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) belo
2、w:1、大学生了解社会的必要性2、了解社会的途径（大众媒体，社会服务等）3、 我打算怎么做,审题构思把文章写成三部分。第一部分要求论证必要性。可以用原因结果的方式展开文章，也可通过举例的方式展开。第二部分要求写料及社会的途径，这部分可用第三人称，也可用第一人称。本段展开可用列举的方法。第三部分要求写“我”的打算。显然应用第一人称，可用列举的方法展开。 草拟提纲第一段主题句：It is necessary to get to know the world outside.文章的扩展：（1）the campus life is monotonous（2）the world outside is c
3、olorful第二段主题句：There are many ways to get to know the world outside the campus.文章的扩展：（1）through mdia and books（2）through participation in social activities第三段主题句：It is necessary for me to get to know the world outside the campus文章的扩展：（1）through reading（2）through some activities,二、词汇的选择与运用,描述事实与现象的词,进
4、行评论或表述观点的词汇,用于描述图表的词汇,用于表示原因的词汇,用于表示列举的词汇,三、常用句型,一）比较 1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that
5、.5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and posit
6、ive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .,二)原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might co
7、ntribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the r
8、eal causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .Another contributing factor (cause ) is .Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that .,三)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produc
9、es is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequence can be so great that. 四)批驳1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4) Man
10、y of us have been under the illusion that.5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for .7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to .8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain tha
11、t .,五)举例1) A good case in point is .2) As an illustration, we may take .3) Such examples might be given easily.4) .is often cited as an example. 六)证明1) No one can deny the fact that .2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4) Recent studies indica
12、te that .5) There is sufficient evidence to show that .6) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .,七)开篇1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of .2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4) Recently the issue
13、 has aroused great concern among .5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over .6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular.7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8) According to a recent survey, .9) With the rapid development of ., .,八)结尾1) From what has been discussed above
14、, we can draw the conclusion that .2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop .3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to .4) In conclusion, it is imperative that .5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7) In sum
15、mary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to .10) Taking all these into account, we .11) Whether
16、it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear.,段落的写作,段落的连贯 表示列举和递进的衔接词 In the first place,then,finallyFirst(ly),second(ly),third(ly)In the first place ,furthermore,lastlyTo start with ,moreover,lastFirst of all ,then thirdlyTo begin with,most important of all,in additionBesides
17、,in addition(to),moreover,futhermore,whatmore,to make things still worse 表示比较的衔接词汇下列这些词汇都可以明确有效地表明比较关系Similarly, thats to say, likewise, in other words, namely, equally, rather, in comparison with, compared with, in contrast with 表示举例的衔接词汇For example, for instance, a case in point, as an illustratio
18、n, in the case, take-for instance等 表示结论的衔接词汇in brief, in short, in summary, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, on the whole, in a word等 表示转折的衔接词汇However, in comparison with, yet, nevertheless, in spite of the fact, on the contrary, while, in contrast, whereas, but on the other hand, conversely等 表示原因结果的衔接词汇so, consequently, as, as a result, hence, therefore, thus, in consequence, since, accordingly, as a consequence, because, reason, factor等,
