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1、2015 西安市高考英语西安市高考英语【四月四月】阅读理解、完形填空选练（阅读理解、完形填空选练（11）答案）答案阅读理解阅读理解Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had r
2、eceived his Bachelors degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation
3、of the structure of complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he co
4、nstructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World War, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of
5、the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and
6、supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了 Linus
7、Pauling 一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling . A. didnt study hard while in Washington High SchoolB. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel PrizesC. was once badly treated in Washington High SchoolD. chose to study chemical engineering
8、to earn his living【解析】选 D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为 D 选项。2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first? A. The“behavior”of molecules. B. Physical chemistry. C. Biological chemistry. D. The human
9、body. 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句话“His interest in thebehaviorof molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling 的兴趣发生了变化, 从 physical chemistry 转到了 biological chemistry 上, 所以正确答案为 B 选项。3. During World War, Linus Pauling . A. had to stop his
10、 research because of the warB. made great contributions to the safety of the countryC. joined the army to fight for the safety of the countryD. took part in researching nuclear bombs【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“During World War, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which
11、he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为 B 选项。4. The main idea of the passage is to show . A. Linus Paulings attitude towards nuclear weaponsB. Linus Paulings contributions to the worldC. Linus Paulings research on the structure of moleculesD. Linus Paulings getting the Nob
12、el Prize for Peace【解析】选 B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了 Linus Pauling 一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应该选择 B 选项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A.B.C 和和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Philip was a nine-year-old boy in a Sunday school class of 8-year-old girls and boys. Sometimes the third graders didnt welcome Philip in
13、to their group and usually tricked him. This was not because he was older, but because he was “different”. You see, Philip suffered from a condition called Downss Syndrome. This made him “different”, with his facial characteristics, slow responses and mental problems.One Sunday after Easter, the Sun
14、day school teacher gathered some plastic eggs that pulled apart in the middle. The teacher gave one to each child. On that beautiful spring day, the children were to go out and discover for themselves some symbol of “new life” and place it inside the plastic eggs.After the children returned to the c
15、lassroom, the teacher opened their eggs one by one, asking each child to explain that symbol of “new life”. The first opened egg contained a flower. Everyone cheered. In another was a butterfly. When the teacher opened the last egg, it was empty. “Thats stupid,” said someone. The teacher felt a pull
16、 at his shirt. It was Philip. Looking up, Philip said, “Its mine. I did it. Its empty. I have new life, because the tomb is empty.” Not a sound was heard in class at all. From that day on, Philip became a real part of the group. They welcomed him, and whatever made him different was never mentioned again.Philips family knew he wouldnt live a long life, for there were too many things wrong with him.1. The underlined word “condition” in the first paragraph probably means
