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1、Grammar,虚拟语气总复习,2016年3月23日,The Subjunctive Mood,贵州省遵义市新舟高级中学罗继梅,虚拟语气定义：在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望、怀疑、假设或推测的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们将复习if条件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在、过去或将来情况的虚拟语气，以及虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用。,一. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中： (1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件 状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主
2、句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。,If I were a boy, I would join the army.如果我是一个男孩，我就会去参军 。,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,如果我有很多钱，我会周游世界。,If I had a lot of money, I would go shopping.,如果我有很多钱，我会去购物,(2). 与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语用had 过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)ha
3、d过去分词的形式； 主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) / could / might have 动词过去分词。,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,如果你昨天开车更细心一点的话,你就不会出车祸了.,(3). 与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /cou
4、ld/ might 动词原形。,If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,如果你成功了（事实上失败了）， 一切就会变得很好.,二. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。,1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式或
5、过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,我想/希望我没吃那么多西瓜.,(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would动词原形”。,注意: 主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿。但愿你立刻来。 I wish you would come soo
6、n.,2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand, require, request, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词 原形，或者将should省略。,e.g. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。,We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.
7、,他坚决要求我到场。,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)v.order, advice, suggestion, proposal,demand, request, desire,他建议我到国外去。 He suggested that I ( should ) go abroad. His suggestion was that I( should )go abroad. He made a suggestion that I ( should ) go abroad,1、insist / su
8、ggest 不接虚拟的用法,1）. She insisted that she was right.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实） 2）. His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。,三：特殊句型：,2. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.（他脸上的表情表明/暗示他不开心。）I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased. （我建议老师的工资应该上涨。）,
9、3. Its (about/high) time + (that),should +v.,过去时,你该走了,我们该去睡觉了,Its time that you went. Its time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(should不可省略),4. as if/as though,由as if (as though) 或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示方式或让步时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式 (be用were) 或
10、 “had过去分词”。,他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It is so cloudy. It looks as if It is going to rain.阴天，似乎要下雨。,5. would rather that,现在: 过去: 将来:,I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you c
11、ame tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,6. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.（要是没有你的帮助，我将完不成这项任务。）Without your help, I would have failed.（没有你的帮助，我将无法成功。）,7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!,I
12、f only I hadnt missed the train! 要是我没错过火车就好了！,8. 在主语、表语、同位语从句中，虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”或动词原形来表示。这样的句型有：It is strange / natural / important / no wonder / impossible / necessary / a pity / . that .； My advice / suggestion / requirement / . is that . 等。,9. 某些简单句的固定句型:Heaven help him!God bless you!May you s
13、ucceed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,10. need “不必做”和“本不该做” didnt need to do 表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。neednt have done 表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。,约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.,约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家, 没有遇上Jo
14、hn的车。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home.,There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried,典型例题,【高考链接】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday
15、 but for his recent injury. （江西2011） A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put,2. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. （北京2011） A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying,3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.（江苏2010） A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused,4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. （2006全国卷I） A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened,
