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1、1.The computer and the poet The essential problem of man in a computerized age remains the same as it has always been. That problem is not solely how to be more productive, more comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. The computer makes
2、 possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real pro
3、blems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is. 在计算机时代，人类的基本问题依然是过去一直存在的问题。这个问题不仅仅是如何更多 产、更舒适、更惬意，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有生机。计算机使人类能力 上的巨大飞跃成为可能；它打破了束缚实践智能和理论智能的藩篱。但是计算机是使人类 更容易还是更难以理解自己究竟是什么，是否有助于识别真正的问题，有助于对美作出更 全面的反应，对生活作出更充分的评价？是否能
4、使世界变得比现在更安全？这个问题一直 存在而且越来越突出。2. the world as I see it To inquire after the meaning or object of ones own existence or that of all creatures has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view. And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine the direction of his endeavors and his judg
5、ments. In this sense I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselvesthis ethical basis I call the ideal of a pigsty. The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth. Without the sense
6、 of kinship with men of like mind, without the occupation with the objective world, the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific endeavors, life would have seemed to me empty. The trite objects of human efforts possessions, outward success, luxuryhave always seemed to me contemptibl
7、e.客观地说，探求自己或者其他所有生命存在的意义或者目标，我一直都认为是荒唐之举。 然而，每个人多少都有自己的理想，决定着他的奋斗目标和他对事情的看法。从这个意义 上说，我从来都不会把安逸和幸福看作终极目标我将这种伦理道德的基础称之为“猪 圈理想” 。一直以来，是对真、善、美的追求照亮了我的道路，一次又一次给我以新的勇气， 让我愉快地面对生活。如果没有对志同道合者的那种亲近感，如果没有对客观世界那 个艺术和科学研究永远也无法穷极的世界的孜孜以求，生命对我来说就是一场空。那 些向来为世人竞相追求的目标财产、奢华和外在的成功我对此不屑一顾。My passionate sense of social
8、 justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities. I am truly a “lone traveler” and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; i
9、n the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude-feelings which increase with the years. One becomes sharply aware, but without regret, of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people. No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocen
10、ce and unconcern; on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations.一方面，我有着强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感，另一方面，我的内心又明显没有与他人 和社会直接接触的需求，二者形成了一个奇怪的对比。我确实是一个“孤独的旅者” ，我的 心从未完全地属于过我的祖
11、国、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最亲近的家人。在面对所有 这些羁绊时，我从来没有失去过距离感，也没有摆脱掉孤独感这种感觉随着年岁的增 长还在增加。一个人开始强烈地意识到人与人之间的相互理解与和谐一致是有限度的，但 却并不为此遗憾时，此人毫无疑问已经失去了部分天真无邪、无忧无虑的童心，但另一方 面，他也在很大程度上获得了独立，不再受他人观点、习惯和判断的影响，同时也能避免 内心那种要将平衡建立在这种不可靠的基础之上的强烈愿望。3Universities and their function The justification of a university is that it preserves
12、 the connection between knowledge and the zest of life,by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning.The university imparts information,but it imparts it imaginatively.At least,this is function which it should perform for society.A university which fails in this respe
13、ct has no reason for existence.大学之所以有理由存在，就在于它使新老两代之间在富于想象的学习中，保持了知 识与生活热情之间的联系。大学传授知识，但它以富有想象力方式进行传授。至少，这是 它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学若做不到这一点，就毫无存在的理由。This atmosphere of excitement,arising from imaginative consideration,transforms knowledge.A fact is no longer a bare fact:it is invested with all its possibili
14、ties.It is no longer a burden on the mermory:it is energizing as the poet of dreams,and as the architect of our purposes.人富于想象后便会感到兴奋激动，使知识得以彻底的转化-事实已不再仅仅是事实， 它具有了所有潜在的可能性。它不再是记忆的累赘，而是充满了活力，犹如能描绘我们美 梦的诗人和实现我们心愿的建筑师。 4. Managers must manage That each managers job be given the broadest possible scope
15、and authority is nothing but a rephrasing of the rule that decisions be pushed down as far as possible and be taken as close as possible to the action to which they apply. In its effects, however, this requirement leads to sharp deviations from the traditional concept of management.The managers on t
16、he firing line have the basic management jobs- the ones on whose performance everything else ultimately rests. Seen this way, the jobs of higher management are derivative, are, in the last analysis, aimed at helping the firing-line manager do his job. Viewed structurally and organically, it is the firing-line manager in whom all authority and responsibility center; only what he cannot do himself passes up to higher management. He is, so to
