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1、李文春 教授 Department of Anatomy,Systematic Anatomy,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,【目的和要求】,绪 论1掌握系统解剖学的定义,人体的标准姿势、方位术语、轴和面。2熟悉人体的分部和器官系统。3了解系统解剖学的任务、分科及发展简史。骨 学1掌握骨的分类；椎骨的一般形态；胸骨的分部及重要标志。2熟悉骨的构造；各部椎骨的主要特征；肋的组成、形态结构。3了解骨的化学成分和物理性质，骨的发生和发育，骨的可塑性。,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,人体解剖学教研室基本情况,硕士点立项建设学科 省级重点学科 省级精品课程 湖北省“楚天学者计划”设岗学科,项仕孝教授,郧阳医学院解剖教研
2、室,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,Introduction,一、Concept and divisionHuman Anatomy is the science which deals with the morphology and structure of the human body. For medical students, human anatomy is the basic course of preclinical and clinical curriculum.,krikjulm,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,台湾学生用书,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,疾病的诊断与治疗,颅内动脉瘤,电解式可脱性弹簧圈
3、栓塞治疗动脉瘤,全脑数字减影动脉造影,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,解剖学相关产品的开发,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,假肢的研制和开发,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,智能机器人的开发和研制,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,systematic anatomymacroanatomy巨视解剖 regional anatomyhistologymicroanatomy cytology 微视解剖 embryologysurgical anatomy surface anatomyX-ray anatomysectional anatomylocomotive anatomy,Human anatomydivision,mkrun
4、tmi,maikruntmi,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,二、人体解剖学发展简史（自学）三、我国人体解剖学的发展历程（自学）,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,四、The parts and systems of the body,.The human body is divided into ten parts.the headthe neckthe thoraxthe backthe abdomenthe pelvis and perineum the upper limbsthe lower limbs,:rks ,perini:m ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,Locomotor system 运动系统 Al
5、imentary (Digestive) system 消化系统 Respiratory system 呼吸系统 Urinary system 泌尿系统 Reproductive system 生殖系统 Endocrine system 内分泌系统 Circulatory system 脉管系统 Sense organs 感觉器 Nervous system 神经系统,. There are nine systems in human body,limentri,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,五、The anatomical position, terms of direction,axis and
6、planes,. Anatomical position 解剖学姿势Human body is supposed to be in the erect posture, with the face and toes forward, the arms hanging by the sides and the palms of the hands directed forward, the heels near to each other.,hi:lz,ntmikl,尸体摆标准姿势,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,.The terms of directionSuperior and inferiorAn
7、terior and posterior(ventral) and ( dorsal)Medial and lateralInternal and externalSuperficial and profound Proximal近 and distal远Ulnar 尺and radial桡Tibial胫 and fibular 腓,郧阳医学院解剖教研室, .The axis and planesvertical axisaxis sagittal axisfrontal axissagittal planeplanes frontal planehorizontal plane,vertic
8、al,sagittal,frontal,hrizntl,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,六、人体解剖学的学习方法,（1）勤于思考，善于联系，发现规律。 （2）形态与功能结合。 （3）局部与整体结合。 （4）理论与实际结合。,授课形式：理论实验,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,爱护尸体,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,运 动 系 统 Locomotor system,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,The locomotor system consists of bones, joints and muscles,origin,belly,tendon,insertion,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,Chapter 1 Osteology
9、骨学,According to the location of the bones, it can be divided into skull , bones of trunk, bones of limbs. The former two form the axial bone.,Section 1 The general description,stildi ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,一、The shape and classification of the bones,long bone 长骨short bone 短骨flat bone 扁骨irregular bone 不规则骨,irej
10、ul ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,1. long bones are found in limbs , it consists of a body and two ends.,Medullary cavity,Epiphysis,Epiphysial cartilage,Body,Epiphysis,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,2. Short bonesThe short bonesdistribute in wrist and foot.,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,3. Flat bonesThey distribute in skull and chest.,skull,chest,郧阳医学院解剖教研
11、室,4. Irregular bonesThe irregular bones are varied in shape, such as cranial bones and vertebrae.,sinus,vertebrae,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,The living bones consist of bony substance 骨质, periosteum 骨膜 and bone marrow 骨髓.,Periosteum,Bony substance,Bonemarrow,二、The structure of bones,peristim ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,1.Bony subs
12、tance (1) Compact bone:坚实致密，配布于骨表面。,(2) Spongy bone：呈海绵状，配布于骨的内部，由骨小梁组成。,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,2. PeriosteumIt covers the surface of the bone (except the articular part) , it consists of two layers : an outer and an inner membrane.,Periosteum,骨膜剥离太多骨折难以愈合 增高术,:tikjul ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,3. Bone marrowBone marrow is fo
13、und in the medullary cavities of long bones and within spaces in spongy bone. There are two kinds of bone marrow, red and yellow .,Red marrow,Yellow marrow,骨髓穿刺部位？,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,四、The chemical composition and physical properties of bone,organic,inorganic,Living bones are plastic tissues with organic an
14、d inorganic.,n:nik ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,Section 2 The axial bone 中轴骨,一、The bones of trunk 躯干骨,The bones of trunk include the vertebrae, the sternum and the ribs, which provide framework 支架 for the vertebral column脊柱, the thoracic cage胸廓and the pelvis骨盆.,(:) rsik,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,(一）The vertebrae 椎骨,In a child, the
15、 normal number of the separate vertebrae is 32 or 33.Cervical 颈vertebrae: C7 Thoracic胸vertebrae: T12 Lumbar腰vertebrae: L5 Sacral骶vertebrae: S5 Coccygeal尾vertebrae: Co34,C,T,L,S,Co,kksidil ,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,1. The general features of vertebrae,vertebral body 椎体vertebral foramenvertebral canal vertebral arc
16、h 椎弓pedicle of vertebral archintervertebral foramenlaminae of vertebral archspinous process Seven processes transverse processesarticular processes,郧阳医学院解剖教研室,2. The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region,(1) Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 the body is heart-shaped. there are costal fovea. articular facets of articular processes are relatively coronary. the spinous process are long and downward sloping,
