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1、Unit 1 Living well,写作专题 Persuasive writing: letter of suggestion,语法专题 复习动词不定式,Period Three Grammar & Writing,语法专题 复习动词不定式,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Listen！The sound seems (come) from the jungle. 2.Columbus was considered (discover) the great land of America. 3.He had his horse (jump) over the fence. 4.I cant g
2、o，for I have an important meeting (attend). 5.Im sorry (keep) you waiting for so long. 6.She is too weak (join) us in the outing.,答案,语法感知,to be coming,to have discovered,jump,to attend,to have kept,to join,答案,7.It is pleasant (hear) him play the piano. 8.Mother was writing，so she requested her son (
3、stop) making noises. 9.Professor Black is easy (get) on with. 10. (complete) the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a day.,to hear,to stop,to get,To complete,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。 一、结构,语法精析,基本结构：to动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。 否定形式：n
4、ot to动词原形。 不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：,二、用法 1.作主语 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek. 爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大幸福。 为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放在句首，作主语的不定式常置于句末。 It would be better for you to go there. 你还是去的好。,注意： (1)若要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“for名词(或代词宾格)不定
5、式”短语，这一短语被称为不定式的复合结构。 (2)在“It isadj.不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时，要由of引出逻辑主语，不能用for。这类形容词主要有clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。,Its easy for him to work out this math problem. 对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。 It was careless of him to make such a mistake. He was careless to make such a mistake. 出
6、了这样的错误，他太粗心了。,题组训练1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)It is not always easy (refuse) invitations. (2)How (solve) the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. (3)It takes forty-five minutes (get) there by bus.,答案,to refuse,to solve,to get,2.作表语 放在be，become，sound，taste等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，
7、purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Her plan is to be a failure. 她的计划是注定要失败的。 不定式作表语时也常用来表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。,题组训练2 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)Her wish is (become) an engineer. (2)The problems remain (unsettle).,答案,
8、to become,to be unsettled,3.作宾语 (1)直接作及物动词的宾语 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford(付得起)，agree(同意)，aim(力求做到)，appear(显得)，arrange(安排)，attempt (试图)，choose(决定)，claim(声称)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)，determine(决心)，expect(期待)，fail(未履行)，help(帮助)，hesitate(犹豫)，hope(希望)，learn(学会)，manage(设法)，neglect(疏忽)，offer(主动提出)，plan(计划)，prepare(准
9、备)，pretend(假装)，promise(答应)，prove(证明)，refuse(拒绝)，seem(觉得好像)，swear(发誓)，tend(往往会)，threaten(预示)，undertake(承诺)，volunteer(自愿做)，vow(发誓)，want(想要)，wish(希望)等。,The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 (2)“疑问词不定式”，不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how，whether等疑问词。 Please show us how to deal w
10、ith the haze. 请告诉我们如何应对雾霾。 I dont know which one to choose. 我不知道选哪一个。,(3)常用句型“主语v.itadj./n.to do sth.”。其中，it为形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有：believe，consider，feel，find，make，suppose，think等。 I think it useful to learn a foreign language. 我认为学门外语很有用。,题组训练3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)He gave us some advice on how (le
11、arn) English. (2)Its a pay day，and they are waiting (pay). (3)The man downstairs found it difficult (get) to sleep.,答案,to learn,to be paid,to get,4.作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring
12、him something to eat. 他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。 (2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。 Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。,(3)由only，last，next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。 She is hardworking and is always the first one to come every day. 她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来。 He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。,题组训练4 用
13、所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)He is always the first (answer) questions. (2)The Olympic Games (hold) in the year 2022 will be a great success.,答案,to answer,to be held,5.作状语 (1)表示目的 She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday. 昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。 To keep up with others，he has been working very hard. 为了赶上别人，
14、他一直在努力学习。,注意： 作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in order或so as，但so as不能位于句首。 She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5：00 plane. 为了赶上5点的飞机她让我开车把她送到机场。,(2)表示结果 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： so形容词/副词as to do 如此以致 such形容词名词as to do 如此以致 enough名词to do 足够 名词/形容词/副词enoughto do 足够 too形容词/副词to do 太以致不能 He is not
15、so stupid (such a fool) as to do that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. 加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。,注意： 不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车开走了。,(3)表示原因 不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 Im sorry to hear y
16、our grandma is ill. 听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。 (4)在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，light，good，fit，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等。 The box is not easy to carry.这个箱子不易携带。,注意： 此句型中to do不定式用主动形式表被动意义。,题组训练5 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry (leave). (2)I went to see him，only (find) him out. (3)It is an easy sentence (translate).,
