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1、Section Grammar & Writing,介词关系代词一、基本用法 当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们用介词关系代词(whom或which)引导定语从句。如果指人，用介词whom；如果指物，用介词which。,He handed me a pen，with which I wrote down his phone number.他递给我一支钢笔，我就用它写下了他的电话号码。 Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? 你知道与她交谈的那个男孩是谁吗？ The little girl is reading a book in wh
2、ich there are many pictures. 小女孩正在读一本书，书中有很多图画。,二、介词的确定方法 1根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定介词。 Well never forget the day on which the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.我们永远忘不了汶川发生地震的那一天。(与先行词day的介词搭配用on) In front of my house，there is a tree，in which some birds are singing.我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(与先行词tree的搭配用介词in),2根据定语从句
3、中的谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配来选用介词。 Hes the model from whom we should learn. 他是我们学习的榜样。(learn from.向学习) The problem about which you argued just now has been solved. 你们刚才争论的问题已经解决了。(argue about sth.争论某事),点津：此时的介词也可以放在从句中的动词之后，关系代词which也可用that代替，也可以省略，who可以代替whom或省去。但非限制性定语从句中的whom，which不可省。如上面的例句可写成：He is the mod
4、el (who/whom) we should learn from.The problem (which/that) you argued about just now has been solved.,3根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。 Air，without which man cant live，is really important. 空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 This book has opened a window，through which we can see a wonderful world.这本书打开了一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们能够看到一个精彩的世界。,
5、点津：当先行词是way的时候，我们可以使用in which或that引导定语从句。在这种情况下，in which或that也可以省略。 I did not like the way (in which/that) she talked to me. 我不喜欢她和我说话的方式。,三、介词关系代词的特殊用法 1在更加正式的语境当中，可以用介词which代替关系副词when，where和why。,2.the形容词/名词介词which/whom China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有成百上千的岛屿，最大的是台湾
6、岛。 This is the house，the window of which was broken yesterday. 这就是那座房子，昨天它的窗子被打碎了。 He lives in the room，the window of which faces south. 他住在那屋子里，它的窗子朝南。,3介词whose名词 The boy was staying in the room through whose window he could climb down. 那孩子呆在那屋子里，通过窗户他可以爬下来。 He lives in an old house，under whose roo
7、f live a family of birds. 他住在一座老房子里，在屋檐下住着一窝鸟。,We were grateful to Mr Li，in whose car we had traveled home. 我们都很感谢李先生，就是坐他的车我们回家的。 4有时用from where引导定语从句，以使意义更明确。 He stood near the window，from where he could see the lake. 他靠窗站着，从那儿可以看到湖。,(2010江苏卷) The newlybuilt caf，the walls of_are painted light gree
8、n，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich,解析： 考查定语从句的关系词。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指caf，在从句中作介词of的宾语。the walls of whichwhose walls。 答案： D,(2010浙江卷) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of_left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom
9、Bwhich Cthem Dthose,解析： 考查定语从句。此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。 答案： A,(2009全国卷) She brought with her three friends，none of_I had ever met before. Athem Bwho Cwhom Dthese,解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：她带了三个朋友，以前我一个也没见过。of是介词，又因先行词是her three frineds，故用whom。 答案
10、： C,.用适当的介词和关系词填空 1I really dont like the way_ _the girl speaks to her parents. 答案： in which 2The 2008 Olympic Games are a great event_ _all the Chinese are proud. 答案： of which,3He built a telescope_ _he could study the skies in his free time. 答案： through which 4Thank you for your help，_ _we couldnt
11、 have finished it on time. 答案： without which,5Dont you want to explain the reason_ _you were late for the important meeting? 答案： why/for which 6He lives in an old room，the roof_ _has been damaged in the storm. 答案： of which,7In our class all the fifty students，only one_ _didnt pass the exam，took part
12、 in the final exam. 答案： of whom 8Two people came to see the building，neither_ _wanted to buy it. 答案： of whom,9Can you see the desk_ _there is a book and two pens? 答案： on which 10The man_ _I share the room is a young teacher fresh from college. 答案： with whom,.单项填空 1It is reported that two schools，_ar
13、e being built in my hometown，will open next year. Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which,解析： 本题考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构，可知缺定语从句的引导词，故排除A、C。根据英语表达方式应用both of which。 答案： D,2Chans restaurant on Baker Street，_used to be poorly run，is now a successful business. Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhere,解析： 本题考查非限制性
14、定语从句，which代替上文中的Chans restaurant，故选B。 答案： B,3Luckily，wed brought a road map without_we would have lost our way. Ait Bthat Cthis Dwhich 解析： without(介词)which引导定语从句。 答案： D,4It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，_for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. Athat Bwhil
15、e Cwhich Dwhen,解析： 分析该题句子结构可以看出前后句意完整，而后句意为“数年里今年头次赢得世界杯”。this year在后句中作状语，所以应选择表时间的关系副词。 答案： D,5We are talking about the subject_importance I havent realized yet. Awhich Bthat Cof which Dwhose 解析： 句意为：我们正在讨论一个其重要性我尚未认识到的主题。whose表示“的”，作为定语从句的引导词，此题的whose importancethe importance of whichof which the importance。 答案： D,6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad. Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that,解析： “50万双鞋中的80%”，是部分与整体的关系，用of which，因此选A。 答案： A,
