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1、二一四年十一月,油井监控运维交流材料,目 录,二、几点认识,一、基本情况,1,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,鲁明公司于2006年使用的油井监控RTU采用arm7单片机，基于COS系统开发。存在问题：1、接口少，3路AI，1路DI，1路RS485,1路RS232 ；2、RS485协议均为定制，替代性差；3、主要采集功能，无控制功能。,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,单层电路板，结构简单。应用批量少，单价高。 投用时间长，部分原件已停产，某些故障无法修理，需重新购置。,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,四化定型统一外观、统一协议，适用于不同的场合应用， arm7+ COS和arm9+嵌入linux系统两
2、者都有采用。通讯接口丰富，网口，zigbee模块，5路AI，14路DI，10路DO，3路RS485，1路RS232， RS485使用modbus rtu协议，zigbee设备使用104规约实现soe主动报警。,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,三层电路板，顶层为CPU板，中层为IO板，底层为电源板，随着IO口、指示灯增加电路变复杂。批量化采购，价格低。多家供货，货源相对有保障。,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,我们使用的arm7+ COS系统，由于设计时未考虑到远程升级，CPU存储空间256K，程序160K左右，无法直接远程升级，程序发现bug，需要逐个设备更新，现场工作量非常大。目前厂家通过优化实
3、现了程序远程升级，应该是优化程序大小实现的。后续的产品，厂家已经全部升级为arm9+嵌入linux系统，远程升级均已解决。远程配置调试功能也很有必要，大部分前端仪表问题都可以通过RTU远程调试诊断出来，可以极大减少现场运维人员工作量。,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,RTU双路供电，出现过220VAC供电RTU自燃问题，可能为电源板发热过高导致，RTU外壳非阻燃ABS，目前调整为24VDC供电。RTU为弱电设备，24V供电也相对安全。RS485考虑干扰问题分为三组，1、变频器，2、智能电表，3、温压变+掺水阀组自控仪，不同厂家设备并联存在拉低485电平现象（分开测试无问题)，最后通过上拉485电
4、平解决（掺水表头A+与5V接10K电阻）。,一、基本情况,1、RTU情况,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,早期使用有线载荷传感器和角位移传感器进行功图采集，接近开关判断上下死点，通讯线在低温下容易折断，设备维护最大的工作量是更换通讯线缆。,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,载荷传感器曲面触点容易导致受力不均，测试值不准确，严重甚至导致光杆脱落事故。,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,采用扶正载荷传感器的专用悬绳器可以避免受力不垂直。,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,四化入围载荷触点改为平面结构，改善受力情况。最新设计天线已改为内置，减少现场天线损坏情况。,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,载荷维护主要工作量是更换电池，
5、下图是两个批次产品，一个批次电池接口有插接件、另一个电池引线直接焊在排针上了，还涂了很多704硅橡胶，出现故障的话基本无法维修。,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,死点开关(霍尔开关)，分有线、无线两种。据了解，死点开关在皮带机上应用效果不太稳定，主要是皮带工作时震动较大，皮带上粘贴的标识物与霍尔开关的距离不稳定。目前，我们单位未使用该装置。,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,一、基本情况,2、功图采集,分享下用Excel绘制功图，判断功图故障的小技巧 下方为“，”分隔文本为数据库读出来或者软件导出来的格式。前200个数据为位移，随后200个数据为载荷，其它数据忽略。全选，复制到剪贴板。,0,0,0,0,
6、2,8,13,18,27,37,51,62,75,92,108,127,143,165,189,208,235,265,289,317,344,376,411,441,479,517,550,593,626,672,715,753,802,853,894,945,989,1046,1102,1149,1208,1268,1319,1382,1436,1501,1569,1626,1696,1769,1829,1905,1967,2046,2127,2192,2276,2360,2428,2517,2588,2677,2766,2842,2934,3029,3108,3205,3287,3387
7、,3490,3571,3677,3783,3869,3978,4067,4178,4292,4384,4501,4620,4715,4837,4934,5056,5181,5276,5395,5506,5593,5691,5761,5840,5902,5943,5975,5994,5991,5975,5951,5905,5842,5785,5701,5609,5531,5425,5335,5219,5102,5008,4888,4772,4677,4560,4466,4346,4230,4135,4018,3907,3818,3712,3628,3525,3422,3344,3243,3143
8、,3065,2967,2888,2791,2696,2623,2533,2447,2376,2292,2227,2146,2067,2002,1924,1845,1785,1710,1650,1579,1512,1457,1392,1330,1279,1219,1170,1113,1054,1010,953,899,859,807,769,723,677,644,601,560,531,493,460,425,390,363,330,300,276,246,224,197,173,151,130,111,94,78,67,54,40,32,24,16,10,5,6723,6732,6732,6
9、710,6683,6665,6674,6669,6638,6656,6678,6701,6701,6701,6696,6692,6710,6669,6638,6647,6633,6629,6647,6629,6647,6683,6665,6665,6696,6683,6665,6683,6678,6669,6660,6629,6656,6656,6642,6669,6656,6651,6696,6669,6665,6692,6656,6714,6710,6674,6701,6692,6701,6705,6678,6687,6687,6665,6647,6638,6629,6624,6642,6
10、629,6633,6651,6642,6651,6656,6665,6651,6665,6656,6665,6660,6660,6678,6656,6651,6656,6669,6656,6642,6669,6674,6665,6669,6678,6683,6674,6660,6642,6602,6552,6480,6390,6322,6264,6173,6124,6025,5948,5917,5894,5876,5817,5655,5552,5434,5268,5087,4993,4912,4709,4551,4420,4195,4024,4069,4164,4294,4393,4497,4
11、605,4722,4686,4628,4529,4452,4344,4267,4209,4204,4272,4335,4425,4493,4560,4614,4614,4556,4502,4470,4411,4348,4312,4330,4371,4425,4434,4461,4511,4515,4506,4452,4425,4425,4380,4339,4339,4357,4380,4420,4420,4447,4474,4474,4474,4443,4420,4393,4402,4366,4348,4362,4393,4389,4416,4411,4452,4447,6557,6597,6
12、683,6719,6759,6786,6782,6782,6746,6687,6633,6629,6588,6588,6597,6615,6669,6692,6714,3217,3219,3214,3209,3215,3220,3220,3220,3615,3638,3659,3679,3699,3725,3753,3787,3808,3827,3846,3871,3911,3967,4023,4091,4165,4265,4367,4475,4579,4661,4738,4812,4893,5035,5205,5435,5665,5884,6098,6266,6405,6406,6339,6
13、162,5974,5767,5582,5473,5384,5420,5543,5715,5918,6153,6339,6457,6533,6483,6317,6120,5869,5610,5397,5223,5111,5082,5141,5206,5299,5386,5456,5517,5500,5419,5218,4997,4766,4560,4402,4252,4139,4045,4007,3989,4008,4028,4019,3983,3906,3824,3728,3629,3554,3461,3382,3324,3262,3221,3201,3186,3175,3166,3156,3
14、149,3149,3158,3165,3170,3179,3188,3205,3222,3238,3249,3258,3270,3271,3271,3179,3188,3205,3222,3238,3249,3258,3270,3271,3271,3263,3249,3236,3224,3220,3219,3210,3196,3171,3151,3146,3157,3188,3223,3260,3308,3375,3449,3506,3511,3465,3383,3305,3246,3208,3214,3231,3258,3274,3252,3223,3204,3193,3191,3189,3
15、181,3175,3171,3167,3201,3245,3323,3389,3427,3461,3476,3496,3489,3469,3410,3345,3287,3233,3196,3177,3168,3170,3194,3242,3287,3326,3353,3347,3337,3312,3281,3241,3202,3175,3165,3184,3206,698,647,590,532,584,603,575,546,1327,1328,1340,1357,1384,1412,1453,1511,1534,1557,1577,1600,1654,1718,1784,1875,1976
16、,2088,2192,2275,2336,2392,2446,2506,2604,2760,2916,3134,3317,3473,3629,3743,3812,3734,3656,3479,3308,3141,2974,2904,2868,3000,3133,3290,3474,3637,3800,3875,3892,3734,3570,3375,3123,2958,2792,2679,2647,2681,2732,2788,2872,2951,3035,3106,3034,2882,2657,2437,2230,2061,1923,1784,1704,1652,1656,1661,1715
17、,1750,1694,1638,1514,1384,1237,1091,979,799,688,565,441,425,423,426,428,382,319,262,222,187,149,113,115,132,159,187,216,246,276,305,289,274,115,132,159,187,216,246,276,305,289,274,242,210,189,168,194,221,213,177,175,174,261,450,540,624,701,808,970,1144,1236,1096,926,744,589,509,438,371,310,314,330,358,386,466,514,496,477,445,427,415,402,420,458,487,516,522,539,615,690,662,583,446,309,213,143,106,69,52,68,176,299,398,446,442,430,415,353,260,149,54,112,257,490,720,
