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1、Translation Skills I,Instructor: Niu Chunling Course Description: E-C Translation,一 、理解中的选义,给我们翻译带来很大难度的不仅是一词多义，还有词语反搭配中的虚实两用，也就是一个词的原义，或者是实义，以及它的引伸义，或者是虚义。 What do you know about run? Talk to your partner for 2.1）run across 跑过-偶然碰见 2）run away 跑开-失去控制 3）run back over 跑回-回顾 4）run counter to 跑离-违反；与-背
2、道而驰 5）run down 跑下-用完；撞倒；贬低 6）run in跑进-顺便深望,一 、理解中的选义,7）run into 跑进-陷于；偶然碰见 8）run into debt 欠债负责 9）run off 跑掉-流畅地写出（背出） 10）run out 跑出-被用完；将尽 11）run over 跑过-满出；溢出 12）run through 跑过，穿过-贯穿 13）run up 跑上去-迅速积累（债款等） 14）run to seed 变得不修过幅 15）run a race 参加赛跑 16）run for presidency 竞选总统,一 、理解中的选义,17）run to sbs
3、 aid 赶去帮助某人 18）run aground （船）搁浅 19）run wild 发狂； 20）run to extremes 走向极端 21）run the streets 流浪街头 22）run a hare 捕野兔-捕坐车不买票的人 23）run a car 驾驶小汽车,一 、理解中的选义,24）run a factory 办工厂 25）run messages 送信，传信息 26）run the water off 把水放掉 27）run oil 提炼石油 28）run to 跑到-（数量等）达到 29）run on 不停地跑-讲个不停；谋煤不休 30）run sb into
4、difficulties 使某人陷入困境 31）run the risk of 冒着的危险 32）run one eyes down a list 匆匆看一下单子 33）run a simile too far 把一个明喻用得牵强附会,一 、理解中的选义,34）run a fever 发烧 35）run a sword through sb 用刀刺死某人 36）run a thread through an eyelet 把线穿过小孔 37）run ones head into a wall 碰壁，撞南墙 38）The idea runs in his mind. 这个念头萦绕在他的脑海里。
5、39）The street runs north 大街向北延伸 40）The news runs rapidly in the town. 这个消息迅速在镇上传开。 41）The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。 42）The river runs east. 大江向东流。,一 、理解中的选义,Now, how about get?I got on horse back within ten minutes after I got your letterWhen I got to Canterbury I got a chaise for town；but I got we
6、t through，and have got such a cold that I shall not get rid of U in a hurryI got to the Treasury at about noonBut first of all got shaved and dressedI soon got into the secret of getting a memorial before the Board，but I could not get an answer then；however, I got intelligence from a messenger that
7、I should get on the next morningAs soon as I got back to my inn，I got my supper，and then got to bedWhen I got up next morning，I got my breakfast，and，having got dressed，I got out in time to get an answer to my memorialAs soon as I got，I got into a chaise，and got back to Canterbury by three，and got ho
8、me for tea，I have got nothing for you，and so adieu By DrWithers,一 、理解中的选义,译文： 我接到你的来信后十分钟内就上马。当我到达坎特伯雷时，我就搭上一辆马车进城；但我浑身都湿透了，并得了感冒，一时是好不了的。我大约中午时候到达财政部，当然首先经过一番梳洗打扮。我很快了解到赶在财政委员会开会前把建议书送上去的秘诀，但当时却得不到答复；然而我从一差役那得到消息说我第二天早上可以得到答复。我一回到旅店就吃了晚饭，然后就上床睡觉。当我第二天早上起来时，我吃了早饭，穿好衣服就及时出发去取对我的建议书的答复。我一拿到它，就上了马车，并到3
9、点的时候返回坎特伯雷，到家时还赶上茶点。我没给你带什么东西。再见吧。,一 、理解中的选义,What helps you select specific word meaning? Talk among yourselves for 3. Dictionaries Context evening 是指晚饭后到睡觉前的这段时间 Night 是指从日落到日出 small hours 指的是凌晨两三点 early hours 指的是大清早，比small hours要晚一些,一 、理解中的选义,Head 1）He was badly wounded in the head. 他头部受重伤。 2）You
10、should use your head a bit. 你该用一下自己的头脑。 3）He has a good head for mathematics. 他的数学能力很强。 4）The dinner cost us five dollars a head. 这顿饭花去我们每人5块钱。 5）Pick with the head of a needle. 用针尖挑。 6）He was standing at the head of the staircase. 他站在楼梯的顶端。,一 、理解中的选义,7）Lets discuss the question under five heads. 让我
11、们分五个题目来讨论这个问题。 8）The head of his bed was piled with books. 他的床头堆满了书。 9）Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. 出席会议的有四国政府的首脑。 10）Go and ask the head of our department. 问我们系的头去。 11）Heads or tails? 正面还是反面？ 12）Where is the head? 厕所在哪里？（船上用语）,一 、理解中的选义,有时还可根据前后几个词来确定某个
12、词的意义 man and his wife 丈夫和妻子 officers and men 官和兵 his man Friday 他的仆人星期五（丹尼尔笛福鲁滨逊漂流记） man-of-war 战舰 Be a man! 要像个男子汉！ The secretary and accountant of the company was present. 公司的秘书兼会计在场。 It is ten to one but well finish our quota. 我们十之八九能超额完成指标。 On the surface, then, all was well that ends well. 事情做到
13、这一步，表面上算是皆大欢喜。,一 、理解中的选义,有时还必须借助于更为宽广的上下文或百科知识来选定该词语的真正意义 1）Please tell me if you can help me.如果你能帮助我，请告诉我一下。(Please tell me in case you can help me.)请告诉我，你是否能帮助我们。 (Please tell me whether you can help me.) 2）Im sure Ill beat John this time.我这次肯定会（在比赛中）战胜约翰。 (Ill sure Ill defeat John this time.)我这次肯
14、定要揍约翰一顿。(Im sure Ill hit John this time.) 3）We have no spring here.我们这里没有春天。(We have no spring season here.)我们这里没有弹簧。(We have no mechanical spring here.)我们这里没有泉水。(We have no fountain here.),一 、理解中的选义,译者要理解英语句子，既要理解表层结构，又要理解深层结构。表层结构是人们实际观察到的句中各成分间的语法关系；深层结构则是指可以推测出来的句子的内在结构，它包含了所有句法和语义解释的信息。 a coach
15、-and-four 四匹马拉的车 a horse and buggy 轻便马车a cup and saucer 带托的杯子 the eleventh hour 最后时刻 second to none 首屈一指,一 、理解中的选义,1. The car runs nice and fast. nice and 意思是“很”、“挺”、“相当”。 2. It feels nice and soft. 这东西摸起来挺软。 3The building stands nice and high 那幢楼特别高。 4. I am good and tired 我很疲倦。 5The apples are goo
16、d and ripe 苹果都很熟了。 6The boy was good and bad 这孩子坏得没法说。 7I am fine and grateful to you 我非常感谢你。 8He was rare and hungry 他特别饿。,一 、理解中的选义,9. For the work performed，each man received a starvation pittance of two pence per day 从事这项工作，每人每天所得只是两个便士的难以糊口的(饥饿的微薄的)工资。 10He sought the distraction of distance 他想远走高飞，免得心烦。 11Our western European allies believe in God and in His free worship 我们的西欧盟国信仰上帝，而且认为应当让人们自由的信上帝。 12No stretch of imagination could visualize anything half so lovely 即使发挥最丰富的想象，也想不到这般美妙的事物。,
