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1、语法要点总回顾,语法点, 名词 （单复数、所有格、名词作定语） 代词 （人称、数、格、几组易混淆的代词any&some, one&ones&it, none&no one, all&whole, each&every） 形容词/副词 （位置和顺序、比较级的基本/特殊句型） 非谓语动词 （不定式、动名词、现在和过去分词、to） 时态 （现在、过去、将来的各个时态） 语态 （主动和被动） 情态动词 （常用的情态动词、情态动词+完成时态） 虚拟语气 （现在、过去、将来的基本形式、特殊要点） 倒装 （全部倒装、部分倒装） 主谓一致 （语法一致、概念一致、就近一致） 强调句型 （it is/wastha
2、t/who） 复合从句 （名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）,B: The the 句型 The more you read English, the better you master the language. C: 有些词汇本身就含有比较意味，不要用than来表示, e.g. inferior, junior, senior This dress is superior to that one in quality. D: 其他比较句型 He is more a good-for-nothing than an honest man. She lost her consciousness,
3、 less hurt than frightened. Better to do well than to say well. I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside. I prefer to work rather than sit idle. He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals. E: 加强比较级any, far, even, much, slightly, a bit, a
4、little, a lot, all the He became a little happier when hearing the news. He is three years older than me. This room is twice bigger than that one. F: 有些词汇没有比较级和最高级，如unique, perfect, excellent, superb, round等。,几个要点重温 1.在please, let, make, see/watch/look/notice/observe/perceive, listen, have, feel等动词后
5、，动词不定式做宾补时不用to；被动语态时要将to加上。 e.g. She was made to give up the property. 2. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。e.g. Why not try it again? 3. 在had better, had best, would rather, would rather than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner than, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might as well等结构后不用to。e.g. She d
6、id nothing but complain. She had no choice but to fight to the end. 4. 在point, trouble, difficulty等名词后，应用in+doing，in可以省略。e.g. There is not much point (in) thinking about it. 5. 在its no use/good后用doing。e.g. Its no use crying over the spilt milk. Its of no use to cry over the spilt milk. 6. 某些动词后既可以用t
7、o do，也可以用doing，但意义不一定相同。e.g. stop to do The light needs repairing. 8. 注意某些to do和doing做宾语补足语的区别，e.g. I saw an old man cross the road. & I saw an old man crossing the road. 9. 判断to是不定式符号还是介词。e.g. appeal to, assent to, adhere to, be accustomed to 10. 判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。e.g. boiling/boiled water, touching n
8、ews & the touched audience ,被动语态的使用要点 ,不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如appear, rise, die, happen, occur, belong to , break out, depart 及物动词短语在被动语态中不被拆分，如The patient ought to be operated on at once. 某些及物动词后加副词可以用主动来表示被动概念，如wash, write, sell, read等 e.g. This type of recorder sells well. That kind of shirt washes very
9、well. 在want, deserve, need, require, worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表达被动概念 e.g. This point deserves mentioning. The children need looking after. 在某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式表达被动概念 e.g. She is easy to approach. He is hard to please. The fish is not fit to eat. 某些感官动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look, smell, taste, feel prove, wear,
10、 sound等 The cloth feels very soft. It tastes delicious. 注意不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语时的被动 e.g. He made her give up the property. & She was made to give up the property.,虚拟语气使用的几个要点,条件句中有时会省略if，则需把were, had, should, could放在主语前，用倒装结构 e.g. Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt ha
11、ve signed the contract. Were they to get married, they would be happy. 混合虚拟句。主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致，要根据各自所指的不同时间来选用适当的虚拟语气形式 If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. If I had taken my umbrella with me this morning,
12、I would not be wet now. 句子表层没有if或I wish等引起的表条件的句子，但其深层结构或上下文中有条件，如with, without, but for, otherwise等 But for your help we couldnt have succeeded. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 在“it is +形容词+that”中，用虚拟语气，形式为(should) be/do，这样的形容词有important, necessary
13、, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, obligatory, vital, advisable, preferable, good, careful, funny等 It is essential that the data (should) be loaded into computer. He is careful that nobody (should) know about the secret.,虚拟语气使用的几个要点,5. 在suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, in
14、sist, recommend, urge, prefer等后的宾语从句中，虚拟形式为(should)+动词原形 I prefer that you not eat the meat. The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 6. 在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, request, recommendation等名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位
15、语从句中的虚拟形式为(should)+动词原形 The demand is that all applicants should fill in some forms first. He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. The regulation that the library (should) be open even on Sundays is welcomed by teachers and students. 7. It is (high/about) time+that中的虚拟形式是过去式 I
16、t is time that we went to bed. 8. 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反，用had done过去完成式；与将来事实相反，用would/should do I wish she were here. I wish she had taken my advice. I wish you would go with me tomorrow. 9. as if 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反，用had done过去完成式；与将来事实相反，用would /should do He talks as if he knew everything in the world. I felt as if we had known each other for years.,
