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1、 本科毕业设计外文翻译本科毕业设计外文翻译 院院 （系）（系）: 建筑工程学院 专业班级专业班级 : 工程管理（01） 学生姓名学生姓名 : 学学 号号 ; ; 2802080127 指导教师指导教师 : 完成日期完成日期 : 2012 年 03 月 25 日 要要 求求 1、外文翻译是毕业设计（论文）的主要内容之一，必须学生独立完成。 2、外文翻译译文内容应与学生的专业或毕业设计（论文）内容相关，不得少于 3000 印刷符号。 3.外文翻译译文用 A4 纸打印。文章标题用 3 号宋体，章节标题用 4 号宋体，正文 用小 4 号宋体，20 磅行距；页边距上、下、左、右均为 2.5cm，左侧装订
2、，装订线 0.5cm。按中文翻译在上，外文原文在下的顺序装订。 4、年月日等的填写，用阿拉伯数字书写，要符合关于出版物上数字用法的试行 规定 ，如“2012 年 2 月 28 日”。 Building engineering bidding Yang Cao a,*, Shuhua Wang b, Heng Li a aDepartment of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China bState Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technolo
3、gy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Abstract Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance th
4、e capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is the improtment to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or f
5、ailure of the bidding work.Becasue the success or failure of the bidding for the survival and development of enterprise has a direct impact, so we have a high quality, improve the bid documents of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear, become a research topic. key : bidding drawb
6、acks of unfair competition countermeasures Bidding is a form of project transactions, project bidding process is to determine the successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project, project bidding work of a very important link, do a good job bidding to determine the price, w
7、e can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equitable market environment, create orderly competition mechanism. Bidding in construction activities, construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful, And from the contracted projects profitable, it n
8、eeds to integrate various subjective and objective conditions, the tender research strategy determine tender. Tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills. All of the strategies and skills from the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objective understan
9、ding of the law and of the actual situation understanding, but also with the contractors decision-making ability and courage are closely related. Bidding documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. The bidding documents will specify that H
10、ow to conduct each bidding work, how to dispatch bidding documents, the requirements for tenderer,how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding. Therefore, the personnel who is responsible for prepare bidding documents should first have a general view of the bidding work, include all
11、the requirements and arrangements into the bidding documents. If meet problems that have not been considered previously, then resolve them one by one during the preparation. The course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme . In another respect, bidding document
12、s is also the legal instuments. Besides relevant law and rules, the bidding documents are the common game rules that bidder,bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. Bidding documents are the legal instuments that all the three bidding related parties should subject to, have
13、legal force, therefore, the bidding documents -making personnel required to have the awareness and quality of leagal in order to reflect the fair, just and legal requirement in the bidding documents. In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision
14、 system on standardizing Chinas construction market, improve the construction quality and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. This project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the Peoples Republi
15、c of China for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated. Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,whic
16、h want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing Chinas construction market, improve the construction q
