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1、Unit 1 Cultural Relics 教学内容一Words 1. survive v. survival n. 生存，幸存survivor n. 幸存者(1) vi. 继续生存或存在Some interesting customs have survived from accident times. 一些有趣的风俗已经从古代留下来了。(2) vt. （经历某遭遇后）幸存；幸免于；（从困境等中）挺过来；艰难度过Luckily, most people survived Yushu Earthquake. 幸运的是，大部分人幸免于玉树大地震。The company managed to s
2、urvive the crisis. 公司设法度过了危机。(3) vt. 比 , 长寿；比, 活得长She survived her husband by five years. 她比他丈夫多活了5 年。注意：1survive 用作及物动词时，本身已表示“幸存，幸免于”，因而不能再加in 或 from等介词；2当 survive 意为“比, 多活多长时间”时，表时间的名词前要用介词by。2. select vt. 选择，挑选；选拔selection n. 选择，挑选，选拔搭配： select sb. to do sth. 选择某人在某事；select as 挑选, 作为, ；selectfro
3、m 从, 中选出 ,They selected him to make a speech at the opening ceremony. 他们推选他在开幕式上致辞。He was selected as the representative of the district. 他被选为那个地区的代表。She selected her favorite book from her collections and read to her children. 她从藏书中选了那本最喜欢的念给她的孩子们听。辨析： select, choose与 pick select 强调精心地选择，侧重客观性的选择。W
4、e selected some for seeds. 我们选了一些做种子。choose 强调运用判断力选择，常与from 或 between 连用。You can choose one from the bookshelf. 你可以从书架上选一本。pick 强调挑剔地选择，多指挑选有形的东西。Will you help me pick strawberries? 你帮我挑选一下草莓好吗? 3. design n. sb. be removed from 某人被免, 职He was removed from the post. 他被解雇了。5. doubt n. I saw him just n
5、ow. 他不可能已经出国了，我刚才看见他了。(2) 表示“本来能做某事 （而实际上并没有做） ” ，暗含责备或惋惜之意。此时不能用can have done 代替。You could have passed the exam, but you were too careless. 你本来能通过考试的，但是你太粗心的。【拓展】“情态动词 + have done”为考试中的重点，需要掌握下列结构的含义和用法。表推测： may/might have done 可能做过； can t nave done 不可能做过； must have done 一定做过表后悔、责备、遗憾等语气：needn t ha
6、ve done 本不必做（而实际上做了）should/ought to have done 本该做（而实际上未做）shouldn t/oughtn t to have done 本不该做（而实际上做了）would have done 本来会做（而实际上没做）They might have gone there, but I m not sure. 他们可能去了那儿，但我没把握。You needn t have told them again. I have told them already. 你本没必要再告诉他们，我已经告诉他们了。You should have finished your
7、homework last night. 你本应该昨天晚上完成作业。注意：表示对过去的肯定推测要用must have done， 其对应的否定推测要用can t have done 或couldn t have done。10. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770 年，这件琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。句法分析：这是一个主从复合句，the way 后面的 she wanted 是定语从句。本句中the way前面省略了介词in， 后面省略了引导定语从句的关系词that， 该从句还可以用in which 引导。【拓展】 th
8、e way 的用法：(1) 用作连词，相当于as，引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”I fixed things the way she wanted. 我按照他的要求把事情安排好了。(2) 引导宾语从句，相当于how，意为“如何，怎样”I don t like the way you speak to your mother. 我不喜欢你和你母亲讲话的方式。11. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on
9、the Baltic Sea. 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的一个海边城市。句法分析： 这是一个含有同位语从句的主从复合句，第一个that 引导的从句作doubt 的同位语， which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Konigsberg。同位语从句：在复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句，同位语从句一般由that，wh-类连接词引导，常放在doubt， fact，news，idea，truth，hope 等名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。同位语有时可用namely，that is to say，in other words，for example 等引出， 补充
10、说明其前面的名词或代词。There is no doubt that he can win the first prize. 他能获得第一名，这是毫无疑问的。The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队英里那场比赛的消息是真的。注意： that 引导同位语从句时，在句中不作成分且不可省略，而引导定语从句时在句中作宾语时可以省略。12. An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. 看法是人们相信是真实的，但是未经证实。句法分析： what 引导
11、的表语从句。What 引导名词性从句：what 引导名词性从句中的主要从句、宾语从句和表语从句，what 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可以翻译成“, 的话”“, 的事”“, 的地方”等。What the boy said is true. 那个男孩说的是真的。 （ what 在主语从句中充当宾语）What made my mother upset is that my younger brother is ill. 我弟弟生病时让我妈妈很不安。（what 在主语从句中充分主语）The singer is no longer what he used to be 10 years ago. 这位
12、歌手不再是10 年前的样子了。（what 在表语从句中充当表语）13. I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很欣赏那些寻找琥珀屋的人。句法分析：句中those作先行词后接定语从句时，关系代词要用who。另外 anyone，he等代词作先行词时，通常也用who 而不用 that 引导定语从句。Anyone who wants to go for an outing should sign your name here. 任何想去郊游的人都该在这儿签名。He who doesn t reach the Gre
13、at Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。think highly of 高度评价，认为, 不错；器重；看重The managers think highly of his plan. 经理们对他的计划评价很高。The young man is highly thought of in his company. 这个年轻人在公司里很受器重。14. Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府。句法分析：本句中否定词nor 至于句首，句子使用了部分倒桩（谓语动词仍在主语的
14、后面，但位于部分的be 动词、 助动词、 情态动词放在主语的前面）。英语中当否定词以及含有否定词的介词短语至于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。这样的词或短语有：never, seldom, neither, nor, little, not, hardly等。Never have I seen so big a watermelon. 我从未见过这么大的西瓜。Seldom does she go out alone at night. 晚上她很少一个人呢出门。Not a word did she say at the meeting. 她在会上一句话也没说。注意： nor 至于句首的部分倒装语序句式
15、为：Nor + be 动词 /助动词 /情态动词+ 主语 + 实意动词 +其他。可用neither 替换 nor。练习（二）1. When I left, he _ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party. A. remembered B. reminded C. was remained D. asked 2. _ his wife, his daughter also went to see him. A. Besides B. Beside C. Except D. Except for 3. A working p
16、arty has been set up to _ this matter. A. look up B. look for C. look into D. look through 4. They had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _ all the work. A. troubles to finish B. trouble to finish C. difficulty in finishing D. difficulties to finish 5. That dress is such a good _ that it will be fashionable for years. A. manner B. style C. sort D. model 6. This photo _ me _my childhood. A. reminde
