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1、现在完成时have/has + 动词的过去分词（小结 ）东升学校 李彦梅 2005/5/301.定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成 ，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果,常与一些时间状语2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持 续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过 去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包 括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用. 即fo
2、r +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.2. has/have been to have/has gone to have/has been in 去过某地表示某人的一种经历 ,可once,twice,already,ever,never 等连用. 去某地了,说话时某人已离 开此地,在去某地的途中或已 在某地逗留在某地(已经一段时 间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用. 1.where is Jim? He Wuhan.2. My parents the Great Wall twic
3、e. They like there very much.3. you ever to the Happy valley?4. How long Peter the West Hill farm?5. My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours.6. She Shanghai. She isnt here.7. She Shanghai. She is here.8. She Shanghai for two yearshas gone to have been to Have been to hasbeen in has gone to
4、 has gone to has been to has been in 3.already - yet 已经用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句 She has not seen this film . She has seen this film.I have combed my hair. Have you combed your hair .He has watched a video. He has not watched a video .4. 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种 是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬 间动词,或
5、点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再 延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状 语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的 特殊疑问句初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示 持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My br
6、other joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be
7、over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:1、 吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy-haveJim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2003.It is two years sin
8、ce Jim bought this pen.It has been two years since Jim bought this pen.Jim bought this pen two years ago.2、 李雷自从2003年就参军。3、那部电影开始30分钟了。4、自从两年前这家商店就开了。5、那个老人已经死了五年了。 6、莉莉六年前就离开家了。 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作 对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可 以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连 用
9、. 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和 现在不发生关系. 5.现在完成时中的 for 与 since for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时 连用 since + 时间点/从句 I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自 从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意: 1
10、.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时 2.when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时 连用. 3.have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但 have got=have has got=has 1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last,isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far,spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some
11、 other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks. A.has gone away from B.has left C.has been away from D.went away 5.Mr and Mrs Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached 6.-Wheres Mary?-Oh,she _the library. A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone
12、 to 7.Im not feeling well.Ive caught a cold for three days. A B C D 8.Tom has caught a bad cold for days and he has stayed in bed since last Saturday.A B C D 近义句转换：1. Jack joined the League five months ago.Jack a League member five months ago2.Its a long time since we met last.We each other for a lo
13、ng time since we met last.深圳，简称“深”，别称“鹏城”，古称南越、新安、宝安，是中国四大一线城市之一，为广东省省辖市、计划单列市、副省级市、国家区域中 心城市、超大城市。深圳地处广东南部，珠江口东岸，与香港一水之隔，东临大亚湾和大鹏湾，西濒珠江口和伶仃洋，南隔深圳河与香港相连， 北部与东莞、惠州接壤。 ； http:/ 深圳网络推广公司 jeh38mcg 深圳是国务院定位的全国性经济中心和国际化城市，中国三大全国性金融中心之一，与北京、上海、广州并称“北上广深”。全市下辖8个行政区 和2个新区，总面积1997.27平方公里。截至2016年末，深圳常住人口1190.84万人，其中户籍人口384.52万人。得恨不能抄起东西，直接砸向那个“本王”。自己下令救火救人，不是为了什么赏赐，也不是为了图别人回报，只是尽壹个心地善良的人应有的 本份。面对处于危难中的人，本能地出手相救而已，那个“本王”拿她冰凝当什么人了！而且还是壹副居高临下、施舍的姿态，动不动就赏赐什 么的，更是令她心生厌恶。有钱有什么用！富贵不能淫、贫贱不能移、威武不能屈，她冰凝最不会做的事情，就是屈服于什么人的淫威，她是有 尊严的，宁愿死，也不会屈辱地
