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1、Construction Waste Minimisation Design in China: 中国建筑垃圾最小化设计:through a Comparative study between the UK and ChinaYi Ying HAO, Jian Kang School of Architecture, University of SheffieldIntroductionlThe UK and China are both confronted with an increasing rate of construction（建设速度） and a decreasing capa
2、city of landfill （填埋能力）at present, which calls for construction waste minimisation urgently. lConsiderable differences have been found in the effort on waste minimisation （垃圾最小化）as well as on construction waste minimisation design （建筑垃圾最小化设计）between the UK and China.lA comparative study was made bas
3、ed on the existing survey in the UK. The survey in China includes:Acquaintance of the legislations (对法律的熟悉程度)Implementation of construction waste minimisation design (建 筑垃圾最小化设计实施)Causes of construction waste (建筑垃圾产生原因)Barriers Design for Off Site Construction; Design for Materials Optimisation; Des
4、ign for Waste Efficient Procurement; and Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility.when it comes to construction waste minimisation, waste management and technology supports seem to be emphasized most frequently. The views on designing out waste are limited.MethodlRespondents The architects in Grade
5、 A Architecture Design Institutes in provincial capitals (省会城市的甲级设计院)The ranking of these institutions in China is mainly based on the registered capital, the scale of projects and the number of registered architects.lQuestionsThe questionnaire totally includes 20 questions, with seven same question
6、s as those of the survey in the UK.Single-choice questions, multiple-choice questions, rating scales and open questions in the questionnaire.lQuestionnaire distribution and return The use of questionnaire web page The address of the web page was sent to 80 architects, with the response rate of 76%.l
7、Data Analysis Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Approaches of analyzing:One Sampling t-Test (comparing means)Independent samples t- Test (compare variables between two group)Tabulated open-ended questions (collect and analyze individual suggestions)MethodWorking age （工作年限）Education level
8、 （教育程度）Workload （工作量）Questionnaire SampleRESULTS: Chinese architectslAcquaintance with relevant legislations (对相关法律的了解程度)The respondents do not know the legislations.中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法 34.4% 城市固体垃圾处理法 37.7% 绿色施工导则 39%城市建筑垃圾管理规定 37.7%lAcquaintances of the concept of construction waste minimisation de
9、sign (对建筑垃圾最小化设计概念的了解程度)Over 60% of respondents reported that they never heard the concept of construction waste minimisation by design, therefore, most of them have not had a clear and scientific idea on what is construction waste minimisation by design.lCourses and projects relevant to constructio
10、n waste minimisation design in college (大学里和建筑垃圾最小化相关的课 程和设计)More than 85% said that they never attended any courses on designing out waste. Meanwhile, nearly 80% acknowledged that they never did the projects which were concerned with construction waste minimisation design in college.Background Info
11、rmationGreen Housing Rating Systems The usage of Green Housing Rating Systems (绿色建筑评估系统) can reflect the Chinese architects concern with sustainable design and construction waste minimisation. Never over 60%A little nearly 20% Often 6.6%. Employ Green Housing Rating Systems in projectsRESULTS: Chine
12、se architectsImportance of construction waste minimisation design Very important over 35%Extremely important about 22% Not important at all 0%Most of the Chinese architects acknowledge the importance of designing out waste.RESULTS: Chinese architectsViews on the importance of construction waste mini
13、misation design lextremely important and very important (1) Beneficial to saving sources (资源)and energy (能源) (2) Reducing waste (垃圾)and pollution (污染)and protecting environment. (3) Considered as a challenge (挑战)as well as a responsibility (责任) (4) The problem of waste would be more serious in the f
14、oreseeable futurelmoderately important (1) The current economic and management level (经济和管理 水平)could not support it. (2) No requirement from clients (甲方)and legislation(法律), (3) Little knowledge (了解)of it (4) A lack of design time (设计时间).lslightly important (1) Mainly produced during the process of
15、construction(建造过 程), and not related to design strategies(设计策略) (2) Inevitable due to big design changes (3) Considered as a stunt (噱头) (4) Complicated and difficult to put into practice, while less benefit (5)The public have not pay attention to it. (公众不重视)“尽管好多建成建筑，会因 为设计不当，施工不当等 等出现很多问题，但只要 是满足审核，不影响销售 ，都会原封不动的接受。”“说实话，觉得设计改动巨 大，导致最后错误的信息 巨多，无可避免。”RESULTS: Chinese architects“当建筑接近环境的承载量 ，建筑垃圾和环境之间的 关系会变的极其敏感，所 以在大量问题没出现之前 ，研究和用于实践，避免 严重后果的出现时十分重 要的。”Information sources for waste minimisation lMore than 50% of information of waste minimisation came from media and arti
