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1、词性的转换 1.有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词vRockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.v火箭已找到了宇宙探索的应用。v火箭已经用来探索宇宙。有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词vSome power plants are under construction.v几个发电厂正在建造中。vThe operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.v操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词vThe expansio
2、n of the steam in the cylinder causes some of the steam to condense.v蒸汽在汽缸中膨胀时，部分蒸汽冷凝。vI am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.v我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比 我教得好。 2.动名词转换为汉语动词vOne of our ways for getting heat is burning fuels.v我们获得热的一种方法是燃烧燃料。vHeating water d
3、oes not change its chemical composition.v把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。3. 形容词转换为汉语动词vDoctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.v医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的 命。vThey are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.v他们十分满足于试验中获得的数据。形容词转换为汉语动词vIf we were ignorant of the structure of the atom,
4、it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.v如果我们不知道原子的结构，就不可能 研究核子物理学。形容词转换为汉语动词afraid 害怕、担心 anxious 渴望 certain 确信 doubtful 怀疑形容词转换为汉语动词vaware v 觉察vashamed v 惭愧vcareful v 当心、注意vdelighted v 喜欢形容词转换为汉语动词vglad v 高兴vsorry v 可惜、遗憾vuncertain v 不能确定vfamiliar v 熟悉形容词转换为汉语动词vignorant v 不知道vthankf
5、ul v 感谢vconfident v 深信vcontent v 满足4. 介词转换为汉语动词v“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the step, across the veranda, and into the porch.v “来啦！“她转身蹦着跳着跑了，越过草 地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过阳台， 进了门廊。5. 副词转换为汉语动词v Their experiment has been over.v他们的试验已经结束了。vHave the oiling of the parts through before
6、 the machine is operated.v在开动机器之前，要把部件的上油工作做完 。6. 动词转换为汉语名词vGases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.v气体和固体的区别，在于前者比后者有 更大的压缩性。7. 形容词转换为汉语名词vAfter careful treatment the deaf have recovered their hearing.v经过悉心治疗后，聋人恢复了他们的听 觉。vMore rooms are being built
7、to accommodate the sick.v正在建造更多的病房来收容病员。8. 名词转换为形容词v英语中有些抽象名词前加不定冠词，用 作表语时，常译作汉语中的形容词。vHe is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.v 他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。9. 副词转换为汉语形容词vThe wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of science and technology.v电子计算机的广泛应用，对
8、科学技术的 发展有极大的影响。10. 形容词转换为汉语副词vWe must make full use of existing technical equipment.v我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。vWe have made a careful study of the properties of these chemical elements.v我们仔细地研究了这些化学元素的特性。句子成分的转换 1. 动词宾语转换为汉语主语vAn automobile must have a brake with high efficiency.v汽车的煞车必须高度有效。vWater has a den
9、sity of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.v水的密度是每立方英尺62.4磅。2. 介词宾语转换为汉语主语 vA helicopter is different from an airplane in construction.v直升飞机的结构跟普通飞机不同。vAtoms differ in their atomic weights.v各种原子的原子量是各不相同的。vWater is variable in coefficient of expansion.v水的膨胀系数是可变的。3. 主语转换为汉语宾语vThe molecules are held together
10、 by attractive forces.v 引力把分子聚集在一起。vWater is usually considered as a compound of two elements.v通常把水看作两种元素的化合物。4. 主语转换为汉语定语vVarious substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.v 各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同。vSoftwood trees have thin, needle-like leaves.v软材料的叶片纤细，呈针状。5. 主语转换为汉语谓语v当主语为动作名词，而谓语为系动词或 ma
11、ke,take之类动词的被动语态时，可将主语 译为谓语，并采用无人称句的格式；vPrecautions are necessary to prevent it from burning.v必须注意不要让它烧着。vAttempts were made to develop a new technique for breeding rice variety.v曾试图研究出一种培育水稻品种的新技术。6. 主语转换为汉语状语v主语较短，并含有状语意义时，可改译为状 语，并采用无人称句的格式。如：vThese circumstances make difficult to find site on wh
12、ich to carry out experiment.v由于这些环境条件，难以找到进行试验的场 所。vComputer battles bugs.v用计算机防治害虫。7. 转换为外位语成分v概念：在汉语中，独立于句外，同时又和句v 中的某个成分指同一事物或同一概念v 的成分叫做外位语。v作用：突出某一事物或某一概念，以引起别v 人的注意;v 简化复杂的长句，使之结构严谨，条v 理清楚，意思明了。外位语v实现现代化，这是我们今后相当长时间的中 心工作。v“实现现代化”用于句外，跟句中的主语“这”指 同一概念，“实现现代化”就是外位语。 外位语vLiquid water changes to v
13、apor, which is called evaporation.v液态水变成水蒸气，这就叫蒸发。8. 表语转换为汉语主语vThe commonly employed forms of energy are kinetic energy and heat energy.v动能和热能是通常使用的能的形式。vSystematic knowledge possessed as a result of study or practice is science.v科学是由研究或实践中所获得的系统的知识 。9. 状语转换为汉语主语vThroughout the world come into use the same signs and symbols of mathematics.v 全世界通用同样的数学记号和符号。vNow, heat is being added to the substance.v现在这种物质正在加热。状语转换为汉语主语vHigh-quality machines of va
