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1、四六级阅读之四长难句分析技巧2015年11月10日阅读中的长难句 But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. Yale professor and Harvard Hughes M
2、edical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal
3、 information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon. 一、句子及分类1、句子是能够单独存在并能表达相对完整意义的语法单位。 2、按使用目的分类：a.陈述句：说明事实、陈述看法。 I come here by car. It is by car that I come here. It cant be denied that - It is natural that sb. Should dob.疑问句：提出问题。c. 祈使句：请求、命令、建议和禁止
4、Suggestsuggestion; propose-proposal; Sharp remarkable, noticeable, significant Crucial fatal vital essential necessary criticald. 感叹句2、句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：a.简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。She is fond of collecting stamps. b.并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与 句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good, but he had little appetit
5、e. c.复合句:包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从 句由从属连词引导。例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 二、句子成分 1、句子成分由词、词组、句子充当。 2、6种基本成分：主语：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子When he will come is unknown.Why Mr. Wang quarrels with Ms. Fan interests him . 谓语：动词、系动词表语：名词、形容词、句子The reason why there were so many thunders and storms i
6、s that it was May 20 the day before yesterday. 宾语 ：及物动词 后；名词、代词、句子I just wonder how you complete your exam paper. 定语： a. 修饰名词、代词；b. 前置定语、后置定语；c. 形容词（含V-ing和V-ed）、名词、代词、数词、 名词所有格、介词短语、不定式、句子This is my book. I have nine apples. The boy in red is clever.I have nothing but sleep. (Sleep is an art?)Final
7、ly I get the mean of the word which puzzles me a lot.Note：多个定语的排列顺序- 美小圆旧黄，法国木书房状语：a. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或者全句。b. 时间/地点/原因/ 条件/目的/让步/比较/方式/ 结果宾语补足语：a. 宾语之后，补充说明。b. 主+谓+宾+宾补c. 两种结构：主表型/主谓型make our country beautiful call him Lao Li find sb. out ask sb. to do sth. have sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth. have sth. d
8、one. 同位语a.名词、代词之后, 解释说明作用； b.可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。c.表现形式：名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 代词 I myself will do the experiment.数词 She is the oldest among them six. 从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. He told the news that is surprising. 由such as, that is引导Some subjects, such as m
9、aths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 由 of 引导The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.由 or 引导The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 三、简单句6种基本结构- 长句的最终进化形式1主语系动词表语（A is B.） Harvard is among the first Amer
10、ican universities to accept Chinese students. 2主语及物动词宾语（A does B.） These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on Chinas road of development today. 3主语不及物动词（A leaves.） In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States
11、 as the first group of Chinese students to study here. 4主语及物动词双宾语（间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物）（A gives B something.） My visit to IBM, AT只要)，in case; on condition that， suppose, supposing, providing。目的：in order that，so that比较：(not) as/soas，than, the morethe more方式：as(正如;按照)，as if/as though结果：so that ， so/suchthat状
12、语从句的几个需要注意地方： 1、从句中的语序以下几种情况中，状语从句多采用倒装语序：a. 当连词as, though连接让步状语从句时，作表语的名词、形容词、动词通常置于句 首，构成部分倒装语序。Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John。Try as she might, Carol couldnt get the door open。Strange though it may seem, I like housework。b. 在so/such.that结果状语从句中，so+形容词/副词
13、或such+名词置于句首时，主句采用 部分倒装语序。So successful was her business that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.Such was the force of the explosion that windows were blown out。c. 在hardly/scarcely.when., no sooner.than.。.句式中，把hardly/scarcely/no sooner置于句首时，第一个分句采用部分倒装语序，即把第二个分句用陈述语序。Scarcely had he sat
14、 down when there was a knock at the door。d. however与形容词、副词一起引导让步状语从句，句子 采用陈述语序。However amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week。e. 在the +比较级-the+比较级句式中，只是把形容词或副 词置于句首，句子仍然采用陈述语序。Education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for lif
15、e you are。2、状语从句的省略当从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，被动结构的状语从句，可省 略与主句相同的主语和助动词，保留连词+过去分词;主动结构的 状语从句，可省略与主句相同的主语和助动词，保留连词+现在分 词。We all know that, if not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse 。Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university。 3、状语从句被用于强调结构中状语从句作为被强调部分用于强调结构时，一律 It is/was that，不能用when代替that。句子用陈述语 序。注意：当强调not until +时间/时间状语时，主句的谓 语动词不再采 用倒装语序。It was not until the war was over that the soldier was able to return home。 4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词作某种句子成分，定 语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而在同位语从句中， 从对前面的抽象名词起补充和解释作用，连接词不
