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1、Rural Poverty Statistics in China： Based on Rural Household SurveysTOT Course on Poverty Analysis November 1-8, October BeijingYan Fang Department of Rural Survey National Bureau of Statistics基于农村住户调查的农村贫困统计改革开放后中国的扶贫开发 Poverty Alleviation in Post-reform China4 periods:n1978-1985n1986-1993n1994-2000
2、n2001-2010n中国农村扶贫开发战略的历史演变（四个阶段）1978-1985n贫困减少主要依靠整体经济增长和经济 体制改革nEconomic growth and social transitions contributed the most in poverty alleviation during this period1986-1993n中国政府从1986年起开始直接针对贫困地区和贫困人口进行农村扶贫开发。 Regional development approaches and self-development of rural householdsn开发式扶贫项目，增强自我发展能
3、力Development-oriented anti-poverty activities1994-2000n实施国家八七扶贫攻坚计划，扶贫开发进入 攻坚阶段8-7 plann力争用7年时间，基本解决全国农村8000万贫困 人口的温饱问题Basically eliminate the absolute poverty in 7 yearsn592个国定贫困县592 designated “national poor counties”n针对贫困人口 Aiming at the poor population2001-2010n实施中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2001-2010）The Develop
4、ment Orientated Poverty Alleviation Program in Rural China (2001-2010)n扶贫任务不仅是解决贫困人口的温饱问题，也要帮助初步解决温饱、但 还不巩固的贫困人口增加经济收入，改善生产生活条件，实现稳定解决 温饱。Solve the subsistence problems of the remaining absolute poor and help the low-income group to improve their development capabilityn多元贫困：强调综合开发、全面发展，不但要加强基础设施建设，也
5、要 重视科技、教育、卫生、文化事业的发展，改善社区环境，提高生活质 量，促进贫困地区经济、社会的协调发展和全面进步Multi-dimensionality of povertyn参与式扶贫Participatory approaches for poverty reduction贫困监测的发展 Evolution of Poverty Monitoringn1986年开始使用贫困发生率的概念Introduce poverty incidence in 1986n1995年开始用国际通行的方法测算贫困线Determine poverty line using the internationall
6、y accepted method n1997年起在592个国定贫困县/扶贫重点县进行贫困监测592 county poverty monitoring since 1997n2001年改进调查方案以反映多元贫困及进行扶贫活动的影 响评估Reform national poverty monitoring program in 2001 to better reflect the multi-dimensionality of poverty and to evaluate the impact of poverty reduction activities more objectively贫
7、困统计数据来源 Data Source of Poverty Statistics全国农村住户抽样调查National Rural Household Survey全国农村贫困监测抽样调查National Rural Poverty Monitoring Survey专项贫困监测调查Special Poverty Monitoring Survey 全国县乡村统计资料Regional Statistics through Administrative Reportsn1954年首次使用住户调查方法收集农村社会经济 数据。国家统计局在全国抽选了15,432个农村住 户进行收入、支出和住房情况进行
8、调查。nRHS has been carried out to collect socio- economic data in rural China, with the first use in the year of 1954, when National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) selected 15,432 rural households for survey on income, expenditure, and housing, etc. National Rural Household Survey 全国农村住户抽样调查n上世纪八十年代中期以后快速
9、发展，快速 发展的标志是专业化调查组织机构的建立 。 nRHS got on fast development after the middle 1980s, which was marked by the establishment of professional Rural Survey Organizations. National Rural Household Survey 全国农村住户抽样调查n强大的调查组织机构Powerful survey organizationn一支高素质的调查队伍Capable survey team n一个综合性、连续性住户调查方案Comprehensi
10、ve and consistent household survey questionnaire n组织大规模专项调查取得了丰富的经验Rich experiences in organizing large-scale special surveysn现代信息技术被广泛应用到调查当中Updated high-tech has been applied in survey n数据质量受到国内外用户的一致好评Data quality is highly commended by users at home and abroad n调查结果成为了政府决策的重要依据Survey results pro
11、vide important basis for government decision making 全国农村住户抽样调查强大的住户调查系统 Powerful Household Survey System 全国农村住户抽样调查 Objectives 调查目的n全面反映农村居民收入增长、生活水平改善过程Giving a comprehensive picture on the income growth and living standard improvement of rural residents n监测农村反贫进程monitoring the poverty alleviation
12、process in rural areas, and producing data for the compilation of Chinas national accountsn为党和政府的宏观决策提供依据Providing objective data for all levels of governments to make policies and decisions on rural economic developmentn 为国民经济综合平衡提供资料producing data for the compilation of Chinas national accountsn为农
13、民家庭发展生产、科学理财提供帮助Help rural households improve scientific financing全国农村住户抽样调查 Function in poverty monitoring 在贫困监测方面的作用n用来测算贫困线、推算全国和分省农村贫困 人口数量、反映农村贫困特征nFor setting poverty line, estimating national and provincial poverty incidence and poor population, describing rural poverty status and featuresn国家
14、统计局农村司负责，调查方案由国家统计局统 一制订Rural Survey Organization (RSO) of NBS n在每个省都有调查队，各省具体负责组织实施Survey branch in each province n在857个国家调查县成立调查队857 sampled counties all over country n 全国约有8000名专职调查员More than 8,000 staffs nationwiden 每村聘用一名辅助调查员，负责本村10个调查户的 记账工作An enumerator in each villagen 全国农村住户抽样调查 Survey Org
15、anization and Implementation 调查的组织与实施 全国农村住户抽样调查 Coverage 调查范围n样本分布在全国31个省，对全国和分省贫困状况有代表性All the provinces，representative at national and provincial leveln部分省扩充地方点，使得数据在县一级有代表性 Expanding the samples to meet the county level estimates 全国农村住户抽样调查 Sampling 样本抽选 n样本抽选方法n分层(分省)n二相抽样（大样本，小样本）n两阶段（省抽村、村抽户）
16、：随机起点、对称等距相结合nSampling methodnstratification( by province),ntwo phases （PSU，SSU）ntwo stage( select villages and select households), randomly, systematic sampling method.全国农村住户抽样调查 Sampling 样本抽选 n编制抽样框:使用农业普查资料Sampling frame: agricultural census.n用样本单位的人均纯收入排队，根据累计人口指标建立抽样框Ranking per capita net income using the accumulated population as supplement. n在95%的概率把握程度下要求抽样误差系数不得超过3%95% confidence, sampling error not exceed 3% 全国农村住户抽样调查 Sample s
