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1、大学英语四级考试大学英语四级考试 翻译的复习和应试翻译的复习和应试l基础部外语教研室l 刘娜l 二00二.六.六1.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(93年考题）l 2.The method of scientific investigation is nothing b
2、ut the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.（94年考题）Part One Part One 定语从句的译法定语从句的译法一.前置法 例1.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning
3、 as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety. 例2.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题 )英语原文的定语英语原文的定语 从句翻译
4、成从句翻译成 带带“ “的的” ”的定语的定语 词组词组, ,放置于被放置于被 修饰的词之前。修饰的词之前。l例1.第一种方法是同义词 法, 即给出一个与要释义 的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety。例例1.1.The first method is to The first method is to give a synonym, a word give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same that has nearly the same meaning as the
5、word you meaning as the word you wish to define: face for wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness countenance, nervousness for anxiety. for anxiety. 例2.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational an
6、d other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题)l例2.相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的 差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白 人在教育及其他外界环境方面所 享有的许多有利条件而造成的。二、后二、后 置置 法法 把原文定语从句翻译 成并列的分句, 放置于它所修词的后面。例如：例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid
7、down their lives. 他们正在为实现 一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人 所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人 曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。l 他的妻子蓓蒂是一位出生在 上海的华人，八岁离开中国，写过一本题为月亮的书，记述她妹妹姗姗在中国的生活。例例4.4.His wife, Betty,His wife, Betty, is a Shanghai-born Chinese is a Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the age of eight, who left China at the age of eight, an
8、d whose book,and whose book,“The Moon”, “The Moon”,tells of her sister tells of her sister Sansan Sansans life in China.s life in China.l对英语中有些兼有状语从句 职能的定语从句,可翻译成汉 语中相应的偏正复合句。三、翻译成状语从句三、翻译成状语从句例5.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三 岁。 l例6.Anyone
9、who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.l l 如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得 来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。 l l 在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解 他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。 例例7.7.In office, figures, lists In office, figures, lists and informationand informationare compiled ar
10、e compiled which tell the managers which tell the managers or heads of the businessor heads of the businesswhat is happening what is happeningin their shops or factories. (85 in their shops or factories. (85年考题年考题) ) 一. 翻译成汉语的主动句l1.英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 。例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.l 其他问
11、题将简单地加以讨论。例2. Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.l 核能对健康、安全，甚至对生命本身构 成的危险可以用一个词-辐射来概括。2.例3.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, a
12、nd offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.l例4. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.例3.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow
13、s one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.l人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟 悉科学政治领域的最新发展变化， 并能源源不断地为观众提供各种既 有教育意义又有趣的节目。例4. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely
14、 determine his character and later personality.l人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在 很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未 来的人品。将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语，同 时增补泛指性的词语（人们，大家等 ）作主语。l可适用于这一翻译方法的常用结构： lIt is asserted that有人主张lIt is believed that有人认为lIt is generally considered that大家（ 一般人）认为lIt is well known that大家知道（众所 周知）lIt will be said有人会说lIt was told
15、that有人曾经说3. 3. 将英语原文中做状语的介词将英语原文中做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语。例如：短语翻译成译文的主语。例如：例5.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(93 年考题）l许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无 法与科学家的思维过程相比，而且认为 这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练 才能掌握。l例6. Great effort should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.（82年考题） l 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人 吸烟的危害，特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。4. 4. 翻译翻译成汉语的无主句。例如：成汉语的无主句。例如：适用于此翻译方法的常用结构： It is hoped that希望 It is reported that据报道 It is said that据说 It is suppos
