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1、英语：英语：Unit2HeroesGrammarUnit2HeroesGrammar 学案（学案（2 2）（北师大版）（北师大版必修必修 1 1）一. 教学内容：Unit2 of Module I Period Three（Grammar） 二. 本周目标与要求1、学习一般现在时态和现在进行时态。2、一般现在时态和现在进行时态表达将来的动作。3、对比一般现在时态和现在进行时态，掌握它们的用法和区别，进一步强化学生对该语法项目掌握的熟练程度和运用能力。三. 本周语法讲解（一）一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an h
2、our ago, the other day, in 1982 等。when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth “
3、到时间了” “该了”It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该了”It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had）rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去
4、，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think,
5、 intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?例题：Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。（二）现在完成时1、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多
6、次动作的总和。 eg. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we havent seen each other. 2、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。 eg. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里） Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。 与现在完成时态连用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so
7、far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。 （三）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语: this morning, t
8、onight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get
9、 married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。 ）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。 ） Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。 ）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。 ）She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来的。He has been in the League for three
10、years.(在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。)句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.（
11、四）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day，yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileeg: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the t
12、op of the mountain, the sun was shining. 例题：1）Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案 C。割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when 表时间的同时性， “玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2）As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading；was
13、falling D. read；fell答案 B。句中的 as = when, while，意为“当之时：。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行时；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为”在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。 “句中的 fell (fall 的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。【巩固练习巩固练习】1、My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _half of it . A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed思路分析：思路分析：本题考查动
14、词的时态。所提供的选项包括过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和一般过去时。过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在发生的动作；过去完成时表示“过去的过去” ，一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，都不符合题意。这里用一般过去时表示一个具体的动作。答案：答案：D2、I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday . Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left思路分析：思路分析：该题问的是“她什么时候离开的” 。只涉及过去的一个
15、具体动作，与现在无关，所以用一般过去时。答案：答案：D3、I _you not to move my dictionary now I cant find it. A. asked B .ask C. was asking D. had asked思路分析：思路分析：该题考查时态的运用。从语境看， “我现在找不到词典了” ，说明 ask 这个动作发生在过去。过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作，而过去完成时表示在过去某个时间以前发生的动作，显然都不符合语境。答案：答案：A4、More patients _in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated思路分析：思路分析：该题综合考查动词的时态和语态。句子的主语是 patients,显然与 treat 之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。另外今年的情况和去年的情况相比，强调的是现在的结果，所以应该用现在完成时。答案：答案：D5、Sales of CDs hav
