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1、跟单信用证统一惯例(UCP600)于强 2006.10 上海*1Yuqiang Copyright Reserved主要内容nUCP600产生的背景及过程nUCP600与UCP500的比较分析nUCP600实施后对于不同当事人的影响nUCP600实施后出口商制单须注意的问题nUCP600实施后开证行拒付及拒付后单据的处理Date2Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程n信用证统一惯例修订进程的“十年之痒” n1933年国际商会第82号出版物n1952年国际商会第151号出版物n1962年国际商会第222号出版物n1973年国际商会第290号出版物n19
2、83年国际商会第400号出版物n1993年国际商会第500号出版物(仍在实施中)n2006年国际商会第600号出版物(计划于2007年7月实施)Date3Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nUCP600修订的背景n自UCP500生效以来,银行实务中围绕500产生的争议层出不穷*。为此,ICC于2002年 初成立UCP修订工作小组,提出修订UCP500的动议。n国际商会有关UCP500的系列出版物nPosition Paper No.1,2,3,4 (修改/议付/非单据化条件/运输单据)nPublication No.515/535/565/596n
3、URR525/ISP98/ISBP/Eucp *国际商会银行技术委员会遗憾而且关切地注意到,在UCP500实施以后,一些银行错误地解释 和应用UCP500的一些条文。由于未能正确地运用这些条文,其结果严重防碍了按照UCP500 开立的跟单信用证的使用。(Charles del BushChairman, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. Adopted from Foreword of Position Paper 1,2,3,4) Date4Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程n在2
4、002年4月的ICC银行委员会会议上,各国代表 对何时、如何修订UCP500未达成一致意见(我国 赞成立即开始修订),但一致同意先对产生最多 争议的七个条款进行评议。因为ICC提出的专家 意见中超过58集中在UCP500这七个条款上。Date5Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程n在2002年10月ICC银行委员会会议上,银行委员会技术顾问GARY COLLYER提供了一份评议七条条款的报告:n第九条 开证行与保兑行的责任(共二十六次)n第十三条 审核单据的标准(共四十三次)n第十四条 不符点单据与通知(共六十次)n第二十一条 对单据出单人或单据内容
5、未作规定(共二十九次)n第二十三条 海运提单(共四十七次)n第三十七条 商业发票(共二十六次)n第四十八条 可转让信用证(共三十一次) Date6Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程n多份研究报告显示,高比例、高频率发生的信用 证拒付现象日益危机信用证在国际结算中的地位 。nIN THE EVENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCY, A DISCREPANT FEE OF USD60.00 OR EQUIVALENT WILL BEN DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS.D
6、ate7Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nFrom Introduction of UCP500:单据不符是信用证支付方 式下一种极为普遍的现象,从1993年修订的跟单信用 证统一惯例的前言可以看出:“一些调查表明,大约5 跟单信用证下的单据因与信用证不符或表面不符而被 拒收,这降低了跟单信用证的效力,对参与有关产品交 易的各方产生财务影响,增加了成本,减少了进口商、 出口商和银行的利润。有关跟单信用证的诉讼案激增也 引起了人们极大的关注。” Date8Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nFrom I
7、ntroduction of UCP600:When work on the revision started, a number of global surveys indicated that, because of discrepancies, approximately 70% of documents presented under letters of credit were being rejected on first presentation. This obviously had, and continues to have, a negative effect on th
8、e letter of credit being seen as a means of payment and, if unchecked, could have serious implications for maintaining or increasing its market share as a recognized means of settlement in international trade.n结论:信用证正日益成为拒付的工具。 Date9Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nUCP600修订的过程n2003年5月,ICC正式授
9、权ICC银行委员会启动 UCP500修订工作n修订工作的三层组织架构:nThe drafting Group (起草小组)nThe Consulting Group (咨询小组)nICC national committees (国家委员会)Date10Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nThe drafting Group小组成员n共10位成员,其中8位来自欧洲,其余两位分别来自 美国和新加坡n小组主席:Gary Collyer-ABN AMRO Bank N.V., London, EnglandnThe Consulting Group小组成
10、员n小组由来自26个国家的40余位专业人士组成n小组成员来自银行、运输及物流、保险等不同行业Date11Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nUCP600修订的过程nFIRST STEP-REVISION PROCESS:n全面回顾UCP500实施以来ICC发布的各类出版物、 意见书及决定,吸收其中的合理条款。n关于正本单据n关于开证申请人与受益人详细地址n关于预装船提单装运日期的确认Date12Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nSECOND STEP-GENERAL OBJECTIVE:n全面反映近年
11、来国际银行业、运输业和保险业出现 的变化,并体现一定的前瞻性;n五个银行工作日n删除了运输行单据条款n明确了保险单据可以由代理人(proxies)出具Date13Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程n全面检讨UCP500中的条款结构和文字措辞。n从A组到G组分类的模块式组合到流水式条款n通俗易懂、简约化的措辞 nNominated bank means the bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate or, in the case of a freely available credi
12、t, any bank. (UCP Draft June)nNominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. (UCP Final Version)Date14Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600产生的背景及过程nTHIRD STEP-CO-OPERATION:n建立稳定的三级合作机制nThis revision of the UCP represents the c
13、ulmination of over three years of extensive analysis, review, debate and compromise amongst the various members of the Drafting Group, the members of the Banking Commission and the respective ICC national committees. From Gary CollyerDate15Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600与UCP500的比较分析nAdvising banknA
14、pplicantnBanking daynBeneficiarynComplying presentationnConfirmationnConfirming banknCreditnHonournIssuing banknNegotiationnNominated banknPresentationnPresenter第一次系统地对有关信用证的14个概念进行了定义Date16Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600与UCP500的比较分析nArticle 2 Definitions nFor the purpose of these rules: nAdvising
15、bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. nApplicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued. Date17Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600与UCP500的比较分析nBanking day means a day on which a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these
16、 rules is to be performed. nBeneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued.Date18Yuqiang Copyright ReservedUCP600与UCP500的比较分析nComplying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice. nConfirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of th