unit 6 -Hong Long Have you been collecting shells-secion A

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1、Unit 6.How long have you been collecting shells?1知识目标: 1.掌握句型:How long have you been skating? -Ive been skating for five hours.How long did you skate? - I skated for two hours.2. 能力目标: 通过学习现在完成进行时,学会谈论人们做某事持续多长时间,谈论人们收藏某物多长时间。通过对历史文化知识的再认识,培养学生跨学科学习的能。学习难点:区别不同点:1.“for” and“since” 2.“How long have y

2、ou been skating?”内容详解:1. How long have you been collecting shells?1)现在完成进行时1概念:表示过去动作从某一时间开始,一直进行到现在,并且还有可能要持续下去。它具备现在完成时态的特点,又有进行时态的特征。Eg. He has been skating for five hours.2.结构:have/has been +V-ing。=完成时 have/has been+进行时 be V-ing.肯定式 He has been working for ten hours.否定式 He hasnt been working for

3、 ten hours.一般疑问句式和回答 Has he been working for ten hours?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句 Where has he been working for ten years?3.与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语常常和 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。For 后接表示一段时间的词或短语;since 后接表示过去某一时刻的词或词组,也可接一般过去时态的句子。Eg. I have been cleaning the room sice I got home.I have been cleaning the ro

4、om for two hours.4.现在完成进行时与一般过去时、现在完成时和现在进行时的比较含义和用法 构成 时间状语 助动词现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作或者现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态 be+doing now 或具体的时间 be一般过去时 主要用来表示在过去特定时间中一次完成的动作或存在的状态。跟现在没有关系 was/were 或动词的过去时表示过去的时间状语,如 last night, yesterday,three years ago 等did现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already,yet,ever,never 等词连用,也可用于描

5、述发生在过去,一直持续到现在,并且今后还会继续进行的动作或状态,常与 for, since 引导的时间状语连用,此用法等同于现在完成进行时have/has+donein resent years, recently, lately 等与现在有关的时间have/has现在完成进行时动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能还会继续下去或可能刚刚结束。常与 for, since 引导的时间状语连用have/has+been doing表示时间段的词组或句子 have/has5.注意事项1)有少数动词, 如 work,study,live, teach 等用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思差别不大H

6、ow long have you studied/been studying in this school? 都是表示你在这所学校学习了多久?2)大多是动词用现在完成时和现在完成进行时意思有区别。在没有时间状语时,用现在完成时常表示动作已经结束,用现在完成进行时则常表示动作仍在继续。I have been writing the composition.我一直在写作文。(还没写完)I have written the cpomposition. 我写了一篇作文。(作文已经写完)3)有些不能用于现在进行时的动词,如 be,love,see,hear 等,同样也不能用语现在完成进行时,但可用于现在

7、完成时。Have you seen the firk these days?练习:根据提示,将下列句子转化为现在完成进行时。1. I lived with him last year.(for)I _ _ _ with him _ _ _.2.He began to make model planes when he was seven. (since)He _ _ making model planes _ he was seven.3. They moved here in 1993.(live)They _ _ _ _ _ 1993.4. Bill began to talk on th

8、e phone five minutes ago.(for)Bill _ _ _ _ five minutes,5.She _her hometown for many years. No one nearly know her.A. has been away from B. has left C. had left2) (1)how long 是用来提问时间长短或距离长短的特殊疑问词。How long do you read English every day? 你每天读英语用多长时间?How long is the street? 这条街多长?How long, how far, how

9、 often, how soon 辨析易混词组 意义及用法 例句how long1.表示“多长时间”,对一段时间提问,一般用 for+时间段或 since 短语或从句来回答。多用于完成时中。How long have you been lived here? How long is the river?how far 意为“多远”,是对距离提问How far is it from your home to school?how often意为“多久一次”,对频率提问,一般可用表示频率的副词或词组来回答 How often do you exercise?how soon意为“多久”,对一段时间

10、进行的提问,回答一般都用 in +时间段,表示“在多久以后会多用于将来时中 How soon will you be back?例题:- _ have you lived in Binzhou?- For about ten years.A. How soon B.How often C.How long D.How much2 .Ive been skating for five hours. 我已经滑冰 5 个小时了。I ve been skating since I was seven years old.1) since 与 for 辨析易混词 意义和用法 例句since既可做连词,引

11、导时间状语从句,表示“自从某个动作发生以来”,从句的时态用一般过去时,而且动词是非延续性动词,但主句动词一定是延续性动词。又可作介词,后接过去的某一具体时间, 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。不能和一段时间连用,常用于完成时中I have been teaching here since 1999.for介词,后接一段时间,表示某一动作延续的时间有多长,可用于完成时,表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。for 所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。也可用语一般现在时,一般将来时和一般过去时I have taught here for 13 years.练习:用 for 或 si

12、nce 填空(1).Hes been waiting for you _ two hours.(2). Sarah has been living here _ 1996.(3). The baby has been sleeping _ 2:00 am.(4). Ive been staying in New York_ two weeks.(5). Kate has been studying in Japan since _ he was twelve.(6). I slept only _ two hours last night, I am tired.3How long have

13、you been in class today? 今天你上了多久的课?been 是系动词 be 的过去分词形式。be 有多种形式:一般现在时态形式是 am, is, are,过去式是 was, were, 现在分词形式是 being。have been in 在多长时间了I have been in the cinema for three hours.我在电影院里待了 3 个小时。辨析:have been in, have gone to 与 have been to三者都是现在完成时态,“have been to地点”表示去过某处,现在已经回来,不在那里了;而“have gone to 地

14、点”则表示到某处去了,现在还没有回来,可能在去的途中,也可能在那里或返回的途中;“have been in地点”表示某人在某处待了多长时间。试比较:He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。(现在不在北京)He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。(现在在北京或在途中)He has been in Beijing for two years. 他在北京两年了。4.When did you get your first pair of skates?1) a pair of , 一双,一副,一对,后常接复数名词,用语修饰由两个组成或由两部分合在一起而成的单件物

15、品,如鞋子 shoes,袜子 socks,眼镜 glasses,裤子 pants 等。本例句中,pair of 前有 first 修饰,故将冠词 a 省略.英语中,一些单数名词前若有序数词修饰,则不能再用冠词修饰。如:I want a cake.It is the second book you have written.2)a pair of 所修饰的名词如果还有其他词修饰,应放在 pair 前,如: a new pair of shoes3) a pair of 修饰的名词做主语时,谓语动词的数跟 pair 的数保持一致。如:Many pairs of glasses are in the box.例题: Can I help you?- I d like _ for my twin daughters.A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C.two pair pf shoe D. two pairs of shoes5Im talking to you from

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