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1、1)He went to Nanjing to see his brother last week. 2)What he said made us think about the problem. 3)Tom enjoys swimming in summer. 4)My watch doesnt work, which I will have repaired. 一基本概念：什么是谓语动词? 什么是非谓语动词?(to see)(think) (swimming)(repaired)*结论:这种与句子的主语之间无人称,数的变化关系,但 又有着动词固有的特征的动词形式-一个不能充当谓语 的动词形
2、式,就是动词的非谓语形式(非谓语动词).非 谓 语动词不定式动名词分词 过去分词现在分词不带to的不定式带 to的不定式主动语态 被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式to be doneto have been doneto be doingto have doneto have been doingto do不定式一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词 表示的动作或状态的同时或之后 We decided to leave early. Who heard him say that?进行式表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动 作或状态同时发生 He seems to be saying som
3、ething.完成式表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示 的 动作或状态之前 The novel was said The novel was said to have beento have been published. published. I regret I regret to have beento have been with you for so with you for so many years.many years. 或表示过去未曾实现的愿望: I should like to have come earlier.完成进行式表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的 动作: You s
4、eem to have been writing very long.动词不定式 1.不定式作主语 2.不定式作表语 3.不定式作宾语 4.不定式作宾语补足语 5.不定式作定语 6.不定式作状语1.不定式做主语一般表示特指,指具体的,某一次的 行为 To stop the work now seems impossible. 2.当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,将 不定式放到谓语的后面。 .It+be +adj.+of sb.to do.It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do.It+be+a/an +n.+ to do.It+v.(宾语)+to do 3.There se
5、ems/used/happened to be + 主语不定式作表语 1. 说明主语的具体内容 Marys task is to set the table. His goal is to be a scientist. Your mistake was to sign that letter. 2.表示其他东西(如目的等) This wall is to keep people out of the garden. 3.主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是 结果） To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.不定式作宾语
6、 1.许多动词后可以用不定式作宾语 常见动词:promise, agree, plan, refuse, hope, wish, expect, dare, want, manage, pretend 2.有些动词+连接副（代）词+不定式 常见动词:decide/find out/know/learn/regard/ show/teach/tell/think/understand/wonder Have you decided what to do next? You must learn how to be patient. He wrote a book on how to protec
7、t the environment. 3.用it作形式宾语. I have long had it in mind to answer your letter.不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, ,只有在含有只有在含有否定意义否定意义 的的, ,带有介词带有介词 except except 或或 but but (=except)(=except) 的结构中才能的结构中才能 这样用这样用. . He seldom comes He seldom comes exceptexcept toto look at my pictures look at my pictures
8、. 注意注意 but/except前必须要有实义动词do时，but/except后 的不定式to才能省略,否则to则不省. 有do无to,有to无 doShe has no choice but to wait for the news. He could do nothing but wait. He willHe will dodo anything for you anything for you exceptexcept lendlend you you moneymoney.不定式作宾语补足语 1.许多动词跟“名词(代词)+不定式”构成复合宾语 advise/allow/ask/in
9、vite/oblige/order/ permit/persuade/teach/tell My boss told me to type out two letters. They persuaded him to give up smoking. 2.有些动词可以跟带有to be的复合宾语 consider/suppose/believe/declare/discover/feel/ find/judge/know/show I consider him to be the best candidate.3.某些感官动词和使役动词后作宾语补语的不定式可 以省去to,但变为被动结构时需要保留
10、to. feel hear/listen to have /let/make watch/observe/look at/notice/see不定式作定语 :（须放在被修饰的名词 或代词的后面） 1.后置后置, ,表示将来表示将来 In the years to come, , we will study harder and harder. This is the Hope Project School to be built next year. 2.当名词被序数词,形容词/副词最高级及next,only,right 修饰时,常用不定式作定语,与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上 的主谓关系. He
11、 is the only person to know the truth. Where is the best place Where is the best place to meet ? ?2.不定式与被修饰名词构成逻辑上动宾关系时, 如果不 定式动词为不及物动词,需保留介词. She has a lot of work to do in the morning. Do you have any clothes to wash ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid I need a pen to write wi
12、th. There are many model bikes to choose There are many model bikes to choose fromfrom. . (有,需要,给,找,弄have, need, want, give, find, get)3.不定式说明被修饰的名词或代词的内容，相当于同 位语,可转换成同位语从句.time/reason/chance/opportunity/way/need/effo rt/wish/right不定式作状语 1.表示目的 (可置于句首) 不定式表目的时,通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语A gentleman stopped to t
13、alk to me. He opened the door for the children to come in.To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best.注意:不定式的逻辑主语要与主语保持一致 To study a foreign language, practice is needed.To study a foreign language, one needs practice.2.表结果,常见下列句型 so as to Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle
14、 such as to Im not such a fool as to believe that. enough to The boy is old enough to go to school. too to His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.不定式结构作结果状语时能表示一个随后发生的动作,相 当于一个并列限定动词词组. She woke early to find it was rainingto find it was raining. He got home to learn that his father was
15、 illto learn that his father was ill.这种结构的特点： 1.不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的,相当于一个限定动 词词组，如：He arrived late to find the others had gone home.He He arrived arrived late late and and found found the the others others had had gone gone homehome. .2 不定式所表示的结果往往含有“令人意想不到”的意 味，其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见.（有时也 可表示令人愉快、惊喜的结果）He w
16、ent home to find his old friend George waiting for him.3.不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语 气He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.3.3.表示表示原因: : She smiled to see the students so happy. We jumped with joy to hear it. 4.句子状语(不定式修饰整个句子) to be honest/ to be fair/ to tell you the truth/ to be frank/ to cut a long story short/ to be sure1.只接省略to 的不定式的结构。
