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1、现在完成时及其考点 一、现在完成时的结构：（助动词）have/has+过去分词二、现在完成时的用法：.“完成法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的 某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志性词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 so far等。.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开 始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。时间状语：for一段时间；since过去点时间 。三、现在完成时的各种句式：.陈述句：主语 have/has+过去分词 其他成分。.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去 分词其他成分。3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分 词其他
2、成分？4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 have/has其他成分？5.反意疑问句：借助于助动词have/has 来完成反意疑问句。例如：They have lived that village for ten years, havent they ?Li Lei has never read this book, has he ?am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-brokendo-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driveneat-ate-
3、eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过 去时一样）不规则变化give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown know-knew-known lie-lay-lain (躺) ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shownsee-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran
4、 run become-became-become四、正确运用have/has been to,have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三种结构。. have/has been to表示“过去曾去过 某地”，但现在已经回来了。. have/has gone to表示“已去了某地” ，现在还没有回来。. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（ 呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。四、中考考点： 考点一：考查基本概念例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .
5、. knew . have known . must know .will know简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对 现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束， 一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响 。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从 上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分 析、推理，正确答案是。 考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still例2. Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment
6、 ago例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written例4.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ;well . changed ;good . has changed ;better. changed ;better 例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years
7、 . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下 四类： 现在完成时常与already（已经），just（ 刚 刚，正好），ever（曾经），never
8、（从 来，也不；从不），before（以前）， yet（仍然）等连用。 现在完成时常与recently（近来）， so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用 。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前 推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去 某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或 since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过 去时）。 现在完成时还与once（一次）， twice（两次），three times（三次）， several times（几次）等表示重复次数的 词语连用。考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别例1.The
9、se farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 例2. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish BB简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易
10、混 淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生 在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状 态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在 于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关 系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发 生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时 间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。 牢记: when 不与现在完成时连用。考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法例1. His father _the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in例2.Do you
11、know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made例3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrivedDBA例4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began例5. His uncle died two years ago
12、.（改 变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _ _ _ for two years Cbeen dead例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句 ） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .例7. It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . wasagojoinedA简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和 since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应 的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续
13、性动词及替代形式 如下：borrow keep , buyhave , diebe dead , joinbe in/be a member of , begin/startbe on , go/leave-be away closebe closed , openbe open become be , come/arrivebe here/in finish/endbe over losebe lost put onwear get upbe up come/get backbe back fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep catch a cold have a cold等考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与 have/has gone to的区别例1. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been例2. My parents _ Shandong for
