《十三、高三语法专项：定语从句》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《十三、高三语法专项：定语从句（41页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、十三、定语从句（一）关系代词引导的定语从句熟读读深思定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面，这个名词叫作先行词；连接主从句的词叫关系词，关系词有三个作用：一是连接主句与从句；二是指代先行词；三是在从句中充当句子成分。选择关系词的两条重要依据是：先行词是人还是物？在从句中作何种句子成分？熟读下列句子,思考其定语从句中关系词的用法。1.This is the man who helped me yesterday.这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。（作主语）2.The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.你要见的老师来了。（作see的宾语，可
2、以省略）3.I met a boy whose father was an astronaut.我遇到一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。（作定语）4.I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。5.This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。（作visited的宾语，可以省略）6.He has a book whose cover(=the cover of which) is very beautiful.他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。
3、7.Last night I saw a very good film,which(不用that) was about the Second World War.昨晚我看到了一部非常优秀的影片，这部影片 是关于二战的。8.Charles Smith,who(不用that) was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 9.We must help those who(不用that) need help.我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。10.All that(不用which) can be done has been do
4、ne.能做的都已经做了。11.This is the best method that(不用which) has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法。12.They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。归纳总结归纳总结1.先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose;先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语
5、从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2.在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those,anyone,everyone, people,he,all,few,one(s)等时，通常不用that引导。3.以下情况下只能用或多用that：（1）当先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any, anything,everything,nothing,none,the one时，或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。（2）先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时，或者先行词被序数词（包括last,ne
6、xt）、形容词最高级及the only,the very等修饰时。（3）先行词包括人和物时。（二）关系副词引导的定语从句熟读读深思以下句中的画线部分为定语从句，请熟读并理解其意思：1.The time when (=at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。2.The school where(=at/in which) I studied for only two years was 3 kilometers away.我仅仅在
7、那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。3.The reason why(=for which) he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到是因为误了火车。4.Dont forget the time (that/which) Ive told you.别忘了我告诉你的时间。5.The earthquake was felt in Beijing,which is more than one hundred kilometers away.100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震。6.The room whose window faces south is min
8、e.那间窗子朝南开的房间是我的。7.This is the reason (that/which) he explained to us.这就是他向我们解释的理由。归纳总结归纳总结1.当先行词表示时间、地点、原因（且只能是reason），且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时,就分别用when,where,why来引导定语从句。2.when,where,why一般可用“介词+which”替代,其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。3.如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或者定语，即尽管先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的，但它们在定语从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或定语时，也不能用关系副词（
9、when,where,why），而要用关系代词。（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句熟读读深思以下各句都含有“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，请熟读并思考：直接在介词后，用什么样的关系代词？如何选用介词？1.Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert,at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?你是否曾梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众因欣赏你的歌唱而为你鼓掌？2.They may start as
10、a group of high-school students,for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.他们开始可能是一组中学生，在某个人家里排练音乐是成名的第一步。3.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs,for which they are paid in cash.后来，他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出，这样他们可以得到现金。4.The musicians were to play jokes on each othe
11、r as well as play music,most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐,还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。归纳总结归纳总结1.介词+关系代词“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、数词等。2.关系代词前介词的确定(1)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?那是你经常为它写文章的报纸吗？ (2)根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain
12、 to me how to use these idioms about which I am not sure？你能向我解释一下怎么样运用这些我不把握的习语吗？(3)根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。1949 was the year in which the PRC was founded.1949年是中华人民共和国成立的那一年。(4)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分 时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构。 There are 50 students in our class,two thirds of whom have been to Beijing. 我们班有五十位学生，其
13、中三分之二的学生去过 北京。 (5)whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”结构。 They live in a house,whose door opens to the south. They live in a house,of which the door opens to the south. They live in a house,the door of which opens to the south. 他们住的是一座门朝南开的房子。（四）非限制性定语从句 熟读读深思 熟读下列句子，思考as和which引导的非限制 性定语从句的区别。 1.David,as you know,i
14、s a photographer.戴维是个摄影师,你是知道的。(不可用which) 2.Li Ming is late,as is often the case.李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。（不可用which） 3.Li Ming was late,which(=and this) made Mr.Zhang very angry.李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。（不可用as） 4.He married her,which was unexpected.他和她结婚了,这是出乎意料的。（不可用as）归纳总结归纳总结1.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as和which引导非限制性
15、定语从句时，都可用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，有时两者可以互换。He failed once more in the match,which was a great pity.他在比赛中又一次失败了，这太让人遗憾了。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后；但是which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。3.当从句谓语动词是be announced/expected/known/said等被动形式或usually happen/be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时常用as。As is announced in todays pap
16、ers,all the schools will reopen on September 1st.正如今天的报纸报道的那样，所有的学校都将在九月一日重新开学。4.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语后跟的是 一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which,of course,made the others unhappy.多萝西总是大加赞扬她在剧中所扮演的角色， 当然，这使其他的人很不高兴。【点金】（1）as作关系代词时，在其所引导的限制性定语从句中既可作主语、宾语，又可作表语。 （2）as多与such,the same连用，它代替的先行词既可以是人，也可以是整个句子。（3）在the same.as结构中，as表示的是同一 类，指同类异物；在the same.that结构中，that表示的是同一个，指同类同物。试题试题 精选选1.The film brought the hours back to me I was
