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1、English Grammar (English Grammar (第七讲第七讲形容词和副词）形容词和副词）Unit 7Unit 7Adjective and AdverbAdjective and Adverb长长的，黑色的， 英国制造的，非常漂亮的一支 新的塑料钢笔a nice long new black British plastic pen形容词 adjective一、形容词的位置记住opshacom这个杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容 词排列的顺序。op表示opinion, 人们观点的形容词，beautiful, lovelysh表示shape，形状的形容词，long, short,
2、rounda表示age，年龄，时代的形容词，old, new, youngc表示color，颜色的形容词，red, black, whiteo表示origin，国籍、地区的形容词，German, Britishm表示material，材料的形容词，plastic, metal二、形容词作后置定语的情况Alive creatures are remarkably diversified in their sizes A B C Dand shapes.A. Alive 改为Living1.形容词作anything, everything, nothing, something, anybody,
3、 everybody, somebody, nobody2. 以字母a-开头的某些表示状态的形容词作定语时 要后置，常见的有afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, alike, asleep, awake, akin（相似的）, aware, ablaze（发光 的）, adrift（漂浮的）, afloat, afire（燃烧的）, averse（不喜欢的）, amiss（出了差错的，有毛病的）等 。A man afraid is a man ashamed.害怕的人也是害羞 的人。3.某些外来形容词，常见的如total, general, martial, laure
4、ate, royal等在某些固定词组中作定语时。sum total 总额court martial 军事法庭secretary general 秘书长consul-general 总领事Attorney-General检察总长Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人Astronomer Royal 皇家天文台台长4.成对的形容词，如表示年龄、性别、大小、好坏 等词作定语时要后置。All countries, big or small, strong or weak, should be equal.The neuron has no charge, either positive or negat
5、ive.中子不带阳电，也不带阴电。三、作前置定语和后置定语意义不同的形容词present, proper, due, concerned, involved, adopted, used, elect, responsible, opposite1. present作前置定语目前的，现在的作后置定语在场的，出席的The present situation is excellent.The employees present should vote on the issue.2. proper3. due作前置定语适当的；恰当的作前置定语到期的作后置定语本身的作后置定语应支付的He has ma
6、de a proper arrangement.The question proper hasnt been answered.Ill give you an answer in due time.Theres much money due this month.4. concerned作前置定语担心的，忧虑的作后置定语有关的，负责的The concerned doctor rang for an ambulance.The authorities concerned issued a statement yesterday.5. involved6. adopted作前置定语复杂的作前置定语
7、收养的作后置定语有牵连的作后置定语采纳的，被选择的It was a very involved explanation.All the people involved have been questioned.He is my adopted son.This is the proposal adopted.7. used作前置定语旧的，二手的作后置定语被用的，被采纳的Im going to buy a used car.The book used was written by him five years ago.8. elect9. responsible作前置定语挑选的，精选的作前置定语
8、有责任心的，认真负责的作后置定语当选的，选出尚未就职的作后置定语负有责任的This elect body （选出的机构）meets once a year.The president elect takes over in May.Jane is a responsible girl.The girl responsible was dismissed.10. opposite作前置定语相反的作后置定语对面的，对过的The two men went off in opposite directions.The woman opposite was knitting a cardigan（开襟毛
9、衣 ).四、可用作副词的形容词有些形容词有时可作副词，常见的有dark, dead, wide, right, bitter, white, new, tight, pretty, damned, precious 等。深红色极冷大开的非常高兴冰冷的白热化的新生的紧身的累极了十分聪明的dark reddead coldwide open right gladbitter coldwhite hotnew borntight fittingdead tired pretty wiseHe was _ drunk last night.A. deadly B. dead C. death D. d
10、eathlyB五、以-ly结尾的形容词不可混淆为副词He was accused of possessing _ weapons.A. dead B. dying C. deadly D. deathlyClivelyfriendlylovelylonelylowlymanly活泼的友好的可爱的孤独的卑贱的男子气概的heavenlyhomelywomanlycowardlysoldierlykindly天空的简朴的有女子气质的卑劣的英勇的和蔼的deadlycostlylikelyfatherlyworldlytimelyearthlyscholarlyghostlymasterly致命的昂贵的
11、很可能的慈父般的老于世故的及时的世俗的学者气的苍白的高明的， 熟练的六、表示肯定意义的tooto结构“tooto”结构本来表示的是否定含义，但是如果 前面有only, all, but, not, never, simply, just等词，too 后面是eager, anxious, pleased, kind, willing, apt, ready, glad, quick, inclined等形容词时，这是这个结 构表示肯定概念。He is too ready to promise.他总是轻易地许诺。I am only too glad to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。I k
12、now but too well to hold my tongue.我深知少说为妙。One is too apt to overlook ones own mistake. 人们总是很容易忽视自己的缺点。1. In the theater the actors are very _ to the reaction of the audience.A.sensible B. sensitive C. emotional D. positive2.If the test taker finds an item to which an answer is not known, it may be
13、_ to leave it blank and go on with the test. advisable B. valuable C. considerable D. probable3.There were some _ flowers on the table.A. false B. artificial C. unnatural D. unrealBAB七、常考同根而意义不同的形容词1. alternate, alternative-He comes here on _ days.-If this plan is not accepted, we have an _ plan. al
14、ternate轮流的，交替的 day (隔一天)alternative两者挑一的，替代的 plan （代替的计划）2. amiable/ amicable-Please make yourself _ to me.-Nations should settle a quarrel in an _ way.amiable 温柔的，和蔼可亲的amicable和睦的3. barbarous/barbaric -These people came from _ countries.-A cultivated person may occasionally enjoy _music.barbarous残忍
15、的，野蛮的barbarous country (蛮邦）barbaric 粗俗的，未开化的，不优雅的barbaric music （粗俗的音乐）4. beneficial/beneficent-No one was so _ as he.-Exercises are _ to health.beneficial有利的beneficent仁慈的 5. ceremonial/ ceremonious-They are wearing _ costumes at the banquet.-We gave the distinguished guests a _ welcome yesterday.ceremonial 正式的，礼仪上的 costume （正式的服装 ）ceremonious，仪式隆重的，过于讲究礼节的a welcome （隆重的欢迎仪式）6. childlike/ childish-I like his _ face. -That is a _ idea. childlike天真烂漫的childish幼稚的7. comparative/comparable -
