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1、Welcome to our classroom2009年考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能 力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般 性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词 量不超过3），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应 能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。If you come across the new words when reading, What will you do ?What difficulty do you have in read
2、ing?How to guess the meanings of words Ways to Guess the Words一. Explanation（解释）二. Context（上下文）三. Word-formation（字形）四. Examples（例子）五. Common sense（常识）eg： It will be very hard but also very brittle - that is, it will break easily. eg： Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used fo
3、r listening to the movements of a persons lung and his heartbeats.一、Explanation易碎的，脆弱的听诊器利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜 测词义。信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ，that is,等等，标点符号有：等A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpentercarpenter.His uncle is a zoologistzoologist,
4、 an expert who does research on animals.The herdsmanherdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shiftnight shift - working from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班Ex. 1 carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,night shift二. Context对比关系 同义、近义、反义关系 因果关系e.g. John usual
5、ly wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious .e.g. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubbygrubby.1.对比关系污秽的, 邋遢的有节制的, 节约的能体现对比关系的词汇很多， 主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in cont
6、rast with等。标点符号分号 有时也可表示对比。 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoilturmoil.If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissentdissent, write “no”.Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innateinnate.Although a
7、 large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocentinnocent of the theft.混乱 无辜的 天生的不同意Ex. 2 turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent2.同义、近义、反义关系同义词替换的表达方法可以为我 们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一 些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or, like, similar等。反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某 生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词 义。信号词中有instead, but
8、,not等e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 圆胖的, 丰满的 e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. 取代,接替,撤换eg： American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect tha
9、t the workers will come late.文中be punctual的意思，可理解为 “not come late”，即“准时，不迟到” 。e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.显然，similarly 是个语境线索，它 暗示loquacious意为love to talk。Ex. 3 symptoms,volatile,shiveredOne of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever.Because this
10、 chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状易挥发的 颤抖3. 因果关系:信号词：如because，as，since， for，so，thus，as a result, , so that, such that，therefore等表示前因后果e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nin
11、e times its normal length because it is very elasticelastic.e.g. The river is so turbidturbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的混浊的Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replicareplica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the differenc
12、e.Hes such a shrewdshrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trimtrim her hair a bit because it was too long.复制品 精明的 修剪Ex. 4 replica,shrewd,trim1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental liste
13、ners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等三. Word-formation-er -or-ian-ist-ese -ess后缀 ,构 成可 数名 词猜一猜: solution solve druggist drug electrician electric greatness great reminder remind构词法-ment -tion -ness -sion -ery -ing后缀
14、,构 成抽 象名 词dis-im-mis-un-non-否定前缀re- co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-其 它 前 缀重复 共同,平等 小过度-后 副的 使-可能 远程-前猜一猜:minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president 微型汽车 战后 超市 预习 学前 回忆,回想 无关系的 不标准的 不忠诚的 开锁 合作者 过分活跃 副总统-al -ble -
15、ern -ful -ish -ive -less -y -ly -ous形 容 词 后 缀en ize ify动 词 后 缀e. g. weaken realize satisfy猜猜: strengthen simplify activate mountainous courageous changeable lifeless hilly peaceable fictional e.g. We must safeguard the world peace.A protect B careC prevent D to keep safe with gunse.g. Dont listen to his nonsense.A having no meaning B meaninglesswords C humorous speech D not making sense 维护, 保护, 捍卫胡说, 废话合成词e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.e.g. I
