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1、 基础知识自测 一、单词拼写 1. _ n. 质量; 品质; 性质2. _ n. 法则; 原则; 原理3. _ n. 律师4. _ n. 青年; 青年时期5. _ n. 总统; 校长president qualityprinciple lawyeryouth6. _ n. 意见；看法；主张7. _ n. 毛毯；毯子8. _ n. 舞台；阶段；时期9. _ vt. 建立；建设10. _ vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露escape opinionblanket stagefound11. _ vt. 进攻; 攻击; 抨击12. _ adj. 乐意的; 自愿的13. _ adj. 法律的14. _ v.
2、投票 n. 投票; 表决15. _ adj. 和平的; 平静的peaceful attack willing legalvote1. _ vt. 献身；专心于_ n. 忠实；忠诚_ adj. 忠实的；深爱的devoted devote devotion二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生2. _ vt. 带领；引导 n. 导游_ n. 指导；领导，向导guide guidance3. _ adj.平等的_ n.平等_ adv.平等地4. _ adj.慷慨的；大方的_ n. 慷慨；大方generosity equal equality equallygenerous5. _adj.有活力的; 积极的_n
3、.行动_ n.活动6._ adj.暴力的_ n.暴力，暴行violenceactiveaction activityviolent1. Monica is a _ friend. His _ to us is quite clear. (devote) (B)灵活运用devoted devotion第一个是形容词修饰名词，表示“忠 实的”；第二个是名词作主语，表示“ 忠实、忠心”。2. My brother is _ with his money. (generosity) 作表语要用形容词, be generous with表 示“对慷慨的”。3. Some of the films are
4、 full of _, which is not good for young kids. (violent)violence 介词后接名词作宾语generous4. Welcome to Beijing. Im your _ in this trip. (guide) 在形容词性物主代词后用名词, 表 示“导游”。5. They believed that all men and women were born _.(equal) 习语: be born equal 天生平等。equal guide三、短语翻译 1. _ 被判处(徒刑)2. _ 事实上3. _ 失业4. _ 设立；建立set
5、 up be sentenced toas a matter of factout of work5. _ 当权；上台6. _ 丧失勇气或信心7. _ 求助于；致力于8. _ 在困境中in trouble come to powerlose heartturn to9. _ 同斗争到底10._为而死11._ 炸毁；给充气12._ 把投入监狱fight againstdieforblow upputin prison/into prison四、语篇填空 My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time whe
6、n I first met Nelson Mandela was 1 _very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. 2 _was in 1952 and Mandela was the black 3 _(law) to whom I went for advice. He offered 4 _(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, 5 _ which I was grateful.a It
7、lawyer guidance for I needed his help 6 _ I had very little education. I began school at six. The school 7 _ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read 8 _ write well. After 9 _
8、(try) hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 10 _ (sad), I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.because where or trying Sadly 1. a 表示“一段”非常困难的时期。 2. It 指时间
9、。 3. lawyer 在冠词加形容词后用名词，表示“ 律师”。 4. guidance 作offered的宾语用名词，表示“ 指导”。 5. for 引导定语从句的which，指前句内容“ 他十分慷慨地给予时间(就法律问题给予指导 )”这回事；又由be grateful to sb. for sth. (因 某事感谢某人)可知，填介词for。6. because 后句是原因，引导原因状语从 句用because。 7. where 引导定语从句并在从句中作地点 状语。 8. or 在否定句中表示并列，用or。 9. trying 因after是介词，介词后要用动词 的 ing形式作宾语。 10
10、. Sadly 作状语，修饰全句，用副词。五、语段改错 With the help of Mandela, I became more hope about my future. I never forgot what kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined them as soon as I can. He said:“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progres
11、ses,until today we have reached a stage which we havealmost no rights at all.”hopefulhowitcouldprogresswhere“ we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, nor fight the government only then wedecide to answer for violence with violence.”But I knew it would hel
12、p us achieve ourdream of making black and white people equally.didequalor1. hope hopeful 在became后作表语，要 用形容词。 2. what how 修饰作表语的形容词kind， 作副词how，表示“多么”。 3. them it 指参加the ANC Youth League 这个组织，用代词it。 4. can could 由上文动词时态可知，用一 般过去时。 5. progresses progress 因progress是不可 数名词，没有复数形式。6. which where 引导定语从句并在
13、从句中 作地点状语，用where。 7. nor or 因eitheror是固定搭配。 8. 在we前加did 因only then位于句首，谓语 要用部分倒装；由上文可知，decide应为一 般过去时，故在主语前加did。 9. 去掉answer后的for 因answer violence with violence 意为“以暴制暴”；而answer for 意为“对负责，因而受罚”。 10. equally equal 作宾语要用形容词。重点词汇讲练 例句 She devoted herself entirely to writing. 她全心投入写作。1. devote vt. 献身于；
14、致力于devoteto把用在献给 devote oneself to 献身于致力于 be devoted to专心于深爱忠诚搭配注意 to是介词, 后接名词、代词或者doing。运用 将下列句子译成汉语。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. Please devote more time to your work 请把更多的时间用于工作。他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。 He devoted himself to helping the poor. She is devoted to her studies. (5)She is devoted to her children.她深爱她的孩子。他致力于帮助穷人。她专心于她的学习。2. vote v. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决例句 It was the truth. Black people cou
