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1、Education in Britain and America0.Some facts about education in Britain 1)Education is compulsory for all between the age of 5 and 16. Compulsory education A. Parents are required by law to ensure that their children receive efficient full-time education between the age of 5 and 11. B. Going or not
2、going to school has become a matter of the law, no longer an individuals free choice. C. Government provides the education free of charge.Education in Britain2) The government education departments formulate education policies and are also responsible for the supply and training of teachers. 3) Loca
3、l education authorities are responsible for the payment of teachers and other staff and the provision of adequate educational facilities. 4) The bulk( 大部分) of expenditure on education comes from public funds. 5) 2 types of educational systems state schools公立学校：part of national education system Publi
4、c schools (Independent schools)公学、私立学校 belong to private sector called public schools because they are seen as public alternatives to having private tutors.1.Primary Education1)Compulsory education begins at 5, the usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is 11. 2)Eleven-plus In the
5、past children were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests taken at the age of 11. This was known as eleven-plus. 3)Children may attend fee-paying independent schools.2.Secondary education1)Grammar school a. emphasizes academic studies and requires to study a wide ra
6、nge of subjects; b. requires pupils to get the General Certificate of education at “A” level; c. graduates are normally admitted to universities2) Secondary Modern Schools a. provide practical instructions which are considered to be of help in the pupils future work b. are of relatively lower academ
7、ic level to train pupils into common workers c. divide students into 2 streams (classes): “A” stream and “O” level “O” level: common workers “A” level: “O” (Ordinary) Leveltransfer to Grammar School2 years study to reach “A”to enter university3) Comprehensive Secondary SchoolA. takes pupils without
8、reference to ability or aptitude B. provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.3. Higher education1)There are some 90 universities, including the Open University. 2) Higher education is not compulsory and students have to pay tuition and fees 3)British u
9、niversities are public bodies which receive funds from central government (This differs from the U.S. which also has private universities. So far, UK has only one privately funded university-the University of Buckingham.) 4)Students go to university full-time or part- time. 5)First degree courses ar
10、e mainly full time and usually last 3 years. 6)Degree titles: 1st degrees include Bachelor of Art (BA) or Bachelor of Science (BSc) 2nd degrees include Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc), and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)0. American beliefs of and 0. American beliefs of and commitment to educ
11、ationcommitment to education In the US, education is regarded as both an In the US, education is regarded as both an individual benefitindividual benefit and a and a social necessitysocial necessity. It is . It is a general view that every American has the a general view that every American has the
12、right and obligation to become educatedright and obligation to become educated. . 1. Personal benefits1. Personal benefits American believe that, through education, an American believe that, through education, an individual acquires the knowledge, skills, individual acquires the knowledge, skills, a
13、ttitudes and abilities which will enable him to attitudes and abilities which will enable him to fit fit into society and improve his social statusinto society and improve his social status. . 2. Social benefits2. Social benefits Education helps to shape the society and Education helps to shape the
14、society and develop the national strength.develop the national strength. 3. A “cure-all”3. A “cure-all” Very often, Americans look to education as the Very often, Americans look to education as the cause of personal and national success and the cause of personal and national success and the cure of
15、social and economic ills, holding the cure of social and economic ills, holding the view that the future of the nation depends view that the future of the nation depends largely on education.largely on education.I. Characteristics of American I. Characteristics of American EducationEducation 1. Rate
16、 to college and universities1. Rate to college and universities At present, At present, more than half of high school more than half of high school graduatesgraduates go on to institutions of higher go on to institutions of higher learning.learning. 2. Nature of schools, colleges and 2. Nature of schools, colleges and univers
