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1、新四级题型中译英虚拟语气n用于非真实条件句中表虚拟拟 的时间时间if从句谓语谓语 形式主句谓语谓语 形式现现在If I (we, you, he, they)+动词动词 过过去时时(be 的过过去式用were)I (we) should; You/he/they would could +动词动词 原形过过去If I (we, you, he, they)+ had 过过去分词词I (we) should; You/he/they would/could +have+ 过过去分词词将来一般过过去时时 should 动词动词 原形 were to 动词动词 原形(可能性最小)I (we) sho
2、uld; You/he/they would /could+动词动词 原形1. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ (要是找到工作)she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.were to get a job2. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell you _ (现 在就不能这样笑了).couldnt be smiling like
3、this now虚拟语气用于宾语从句中nwish后面的宾语从句可用三种谓语动词 形式表示虚拟： . 一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟 . 过去完成时表示对过去情况的假设 . “would动词原形”表示对将来的愿 望1. Sometimes I wish I _ (生活 在)in a different time and a different place.were living 2. He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he _ (当时在那里 ).had been there虚拟语气用于It is +adj./n. +that结构中此结构的形容词
4、和名词包括：advisable(可取的), basic, appropriate, desirable, elementary, essential, fitting, fundamental, imperative(强制的), important, impossible, incredible, natural, necessary, obligatory, proper, strange, urgent, vital, a pity, a shame, no wonder that(不足为奇) 其虚拟形式是从句的谓语动词为(should) 动词原形以下名词后的表语从句及同位语从句中应使用
5、虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为(should)动词原 形：advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, importance, instruction, necessity, motion(运动，动作), order, preference, proposal, recommendation, resolution(决心), request, requirement, suggestion.虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句1. It is essential that these application forms _ (尽早寄出 去).be sent as ear
6、ly as possible2. It is Harolds desire that he _ (和妻子合葬).be buried next to his wife虚拟语气用于某些特定结构/状语从句中用于would rather/ sooner从句， It is (high) time that等结构中， 从句中用虚拟过去时由lest（以免）, in case（万一）, for fear that（以免）引导的目的状语从句 ，其从句中的谓语动词用(should)动 词原形1. Id rather you _ (不带那些重 要文件)with you.didnt take those import
7、ant documents 2. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ (伤 害自己).injure himself 那个疯子被安置在有软垫的房间以免他伤 害自己现在分词1.现在分词做状语，可以表示时间、原因、 结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等e.g. _ (在求职面试之后),you will be required to take a language test.After being interviewed for the job现在分词短语作宾补主要出现在感官动词之后，如：feel, hear, notice, obser
8、ve, perceive, see, smell, watch, listen to, look at 等，强调动作正在发生；或出现在使役动 词之后，如：get, have, bring, keep, leave, send, set, start等 e.g. His remarks left me _ (想知道 他的真实目的).wondering about his real purpose现在分词的完成式和被动式现在分词被动式的一般式是being done，完成式是having been done.e.g. The children went there to watch the _ (铁
9、塔被竖起 ).iron tower being erected现在分词的复合结构即独立主格结构，形式是名词代词分词 其中名词或代词与现在分词是逻辑上的 主谓关系，与过去分词是动宾关系，在句 中做状语该结构有时可用with/ without引导 e.g. _ (由于这么多董事缺席), the board meeting had to be put off.So many directors being absent动名词做动词宾语有些动词只可接动名词，包括：abandon, admit, advocate（提倡）, complete, deny, escape, finish, imagine,
10、 mention, pardon, quit, recall, resist, understand等 e.g. People appreciate （喜欢）_ ( 与他一起工作)because he has a good sense of humor. working with him 动名词做介词宾语 带介词to的短语后面接动名词：adhere to(粘着,追随), be reduced to(变弱为, 使处于), cling to(依附, 依靠), confess to(承认), feel up to(感到能胜任), get down to(开始认真考虑), keep to(遵循 ),
11、look forward to, point to, submit to(服从, 忍受), yield to(屈服, 让步), etc. e.g. The man in the corner confessed to _ (对经理说了谎)of the company.having told a lie to the manager动名词用在固定结构后主动表被动1. be busy/engaged (in), cant help/ stand/ resist, keep from, leave off(停止, 不再穿), Its no use, etc.2. 在need, want, requi
12、re, deserve, bear等动词及 be worth后面的动名词 以主动形式表达被动意义1. She was so angry that she felt like _ (扔东西打他).throwing something at him2. What a lovely party! Its worth _ (我终生铭记).remembering all my life不定式作动词宾语有些动词只可接不定式，包括：afford, aim, beg, choose, claim, dare, desire, except(把.除外, 反对), expect, happen, hesitate
13、, learn, neglect, proceed, seek, threaten, volunteer, etc.e.g. With a large family to support, Mr. Johnson cant _ (连生病都生 不起).afford to be sick不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，在感官动词(如see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel等)和使役动词(如let, make, have)的宾语后面可以省略e.g. I have heard both teachers and students _ (都说他不错
14、).speak well of him1. 不定式用于but, except之后 e.g. Lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed. He _ (肯定 除了喝酒什么也没做).must have done nothing but drink ( 因为but前面有动词do) 2. 不定式的进行、完成和被动式 e.g. If the building project_ (在月末完成 的)is delayed, the construction company will be fined.to be completed by th
15、e end of this monthto be doing; to have +P.P.关系代词that引导的定语从句只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况：n当先行词是all, anything, everything, few, little, much, more, none, nothing, something等不定代词时n当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 n当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰 时1. All _ (合理的)is not necessarily practicable.that is reasonable2. There is hard
16、ly an environment on earth _ (动物种群尚未成功适应).to which some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully.as引导的让步状语从句as在引导让步状语从句时不位于句首，在 它的前面可以是形容词、名词、副词等。 e.g. _(家也许很简陋), theres no place like home, wherever he may go.Humble as it may be特殊结构1.强调结构It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+原 句中的其他部分注意：指人时可以用 who或 that，其他情
