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1、Module Four Grammarthe ing form and the infinitiveBy JoannaThe function of the infinitive 1.To say is easy, but to do is difficult .2.My dream is to go college some day. 3.They wanted to help me .4.Would you like some to eat ?5. They run over to welcome the foreign visitors.6.Our teacher asked us no
2、t to talk in the class.主语(subject)表语(predicate)宾语(object)定语 (attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)1. Eating too much is bad for your health.2. His job is selling computers.3. She likes reading newspaper after supper .4. He may be in the reading room.The function of the -ing form主语(subject)表 (predica
3、te)宾语(object)定语(attribute)作用 种类主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词The function of the infinitive and the ing form1. 动名词与不定式作主语(1)表具体的特定情况或未完成的动作 ，常用不定式。 Swimming is good for health, but to swim in a big river is dangerous. I have too much homework to do.(2). It + be (is/was) + adj. (necessary, important ) + to do,It
4、 + be +no use/ no good/ a waste of time + doing.It is necessary to spend enough time on English if you want to learn it well.It is no use arguing with him about it.2. 动名词与不定式作表语 (1). 指具体的、特定情况下或未发生的 动作，常用不定式。 Your work today is to carry these things upstairs. (2). 主语的形式要和表语保持一致。 To see is to believe
5、. Seeing is believing.3.后面只跟 ing 形式作宾语的动词：He tried to avoid answering my question.Would you mind closing the door? She suggested going to the cinema.口诀： 后面常跟ing形式作宾语的动词词组： give up, put off, carry on（开展、经营、继续、进行）, keep on, feel like, get used to, insist on, look forward to, succeed in, think of, drea
6、m of, cant help, be worth, have difficulty (in), be busyDavid has given up smoking. Do you feel like going out tonight? Im looking forward to meeting her. The picture isnt worth looking at.4.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词promise, demand, ask, aim, pretend, wish, hope, expect, manage, afford, offer, agree, learn, prep
7、are, claim, dare, decide, refuse, determine等。He failed to pass the driving test.He offered to take the child home.I cant afford to buy a car.5.有些词后跟不定式或动名词意义不同: remember, forget; try; mean; stop, go on; regret;need, requireregret doing sth. 后悔或遗憾做某事（已做） regret to do sth.后悔或遗憾做某事（未做） I regret telling
8、 him the secret. I regret to tell you that you dont pass the exam Remenber/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做某事（已做） remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记做某事（未做）Mean doing sth.意味着做某事 Mean to do sth. 打算做某事。 Stop doing sth .停止正在做的事情 Stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事情。 Go on doing sth.继续/不停地做某事(同一件)。 Go on to do sth.继续/不停地做某事（
9、做完一 件事后继续去做另一件事） 6. need, require, want 表示“想要、需要”时 ，后面接动名词，表示被动含义，相当于 接不定式的被动形式（to be done) The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. My watch requires fixing. =My watch requires to be fixedComplete the following sentences：1. He is so interested in English that he will neverget tir
10、ed of _ speaking it with his classmates.2. The astronaut hopes _ out of his space-ship and walk in space.3. At the end of the term, all the students look forward to _ some holiday.4. Would you please turn down the radio? I cantstand _ to such noise all the time.draw, practise, spend, step, listen, s
11、end, have, control, move, work, help practisingto stephavinglistening5. China has succeeded in _ up many satellites into space. 6. The boy attempted _ the boat all by himself, but failed. 7. The man went on _ until late night every day because he had to complete the task in time. 8. Once I have prom
12、ised _ you, I will try my best.sendingto controlworkingto helpdraw, practise, spend, step, listen, send, have, control, move, work, help Choose the best answers:1.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. I have regretted _ his advice!A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking4.John received an in
13、vitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished5.There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.My goodness! I cant imagine_ that old.A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been6.Tom sounds very much _ in th
14、e job, but Im not sure whetherhe can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly7.Only then _how much damage had been caused.A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize用过给词的适当形式填空 1. Id prefer_(take) a bus rather than ride a bike to get there
15、 as it is a little bit far. 2. Tom was late again but he was lucky to escape _(punish). 3. -Did you enjoy yourself last night? -Yes, its very nice of you. I appreciated _(invite) to the party.to takebeing punishedbeing invited/having been invited用过给词的适当形式填空 4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _(invent) the first computer. 6. No one can avoid _(influence) by advertisements. 22. Excuse me, can I smoke here? - Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) hereto have inventedbeing influencedsmoking用过给词的适当形式填空 7. I cant afford _(buy)
