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1、Literature Unit3Oliver TwistIntroductionAbout English LiteratureEnglish literature is produced in England, from the introduction of old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century to the present. the works of those Irish and Scottish authors who are closely identified with English life and letter
2、s are also considered part of English literature.Oliver Twist, it is one of most popular novels of Charles Dickenss.Oliver is a poor orphan boy who lives with other children in a large house called a workhouse. Oliver is the protagonist of the storyOliver is staying with the other orphansOliver is w
3、aiting for having dinner with the other little partners in the workhouseThere are some people trying to seize Oliver, but he runs so fast that anyone cant catch him.Discussion1.Is the neighborhood safe?2.Why dont people try to help Oliver?3.Where does the man take Oliver? 英语的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。但 有时为了语法的
4、需要或为了强调，把全部谓 语或谓语的一部分提到主语前面，这种语序 在语法称为倒装。除了在疑问句中，句子要 用倒装外，还有一些句子要用倒装。英语的 倒装一般分成两种，一是把谓语动词全部放 在主语前，叫做全倒装。一是把谓语的助动 词部分放在主语前，叫做部分倒装。Grammar(1): Inversion Used for Emphasis 全倒装 在there be句型中，如： 1) There are some desks in the classroom. 2) There used to be a temple on the top of the mountain.在以here, there
5、, out, in, up, on, away, off, down等副词开头的句子中 ，如：v1) There goes the bell.v2) Here comes the train.v3) Out rushed the little girl.v4) Away went the Grandpa.v5) In came a group of policemen 但如果主语是人称代词时，不用倒装，如： Here it is. Down it dropped. 直接引语的部分或全部放在句首时，如： 1) “Who will come here to help you?” asked the
6、 teacher. 2) “I dont think he will come.” said the girl. 当介词短语在句首时，如： 1) In front of the old house sat an old woman. 2) On the top of the mountain stands a tower. 部分倒装 only所修饰的副词,介词短语和状语从句放 在句首时，如： 1) Only then did he know that he was rejected by the boss. 2) Only in this way can you collect more st
7、amps. 3) Only when her father came back was she able to go to school.一些含有否定意义的副词或连词 如hardly, never, not, not only, little, seldom, no sooner放在句首时， 如：v1) Never have I been to the mountain village.v2) Not a single word did he write in the class.v3) Little did the boy know the rules of English grammar.
8、c.用so作简单回答时表明前面说的情况也适 用于另一个人，如： He likes swimming in summer very much. So do I. We saw the football match last week. So did they. The girl can speak fluent English. So can the boy.vd. 用neither, nor放在句首, 表示前面 的否定内容也同样适合另外一个人，v 如：v 1) He has never been to Shanghai. Neither have I.v 2) He didnt find an
9、y useful material in the book. Nor did I.Match the definitions with the correct words1.a child whose parents are dead2.a Victorian home for poor people3.to happen4.to be extremely hungry and weak5.a very long story6.a person who writes novels(a)novelist(b)take place(c) Orphan(d) workhouse(e)novel(f)
10、starveGrammar(2): Emphatic Sentences It is/was.who/ that.句型 这是一个最常见的强调句型。利用这种句 型可以强调除谓语动词外的大多数句子成分 ，所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从 句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是 主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。 引导词it置于句首，后接动词be（一般是is 或was），再加上强调的部分，再接that- /who-从句。如： Jack missed the first lesson yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam. It
11、was Jack who missed the first lesson yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam. (强调主语) It was because Jack was caught in the traffic jam that he missed the first lesson yesterday. ( 强调状语) It was the first lesson yesterday that Jack missed because he was caught in the traffic jam. (强调宾语) 注意：
12、 判断It is/was 这样的句型是不是强调句 ，只须把It is/was和who/ that去掉，如果意 思是完整的，就是强调句。反之，就不是。 就为例，去掉It is/was和who/ that，意思 没有改变，仍然是一个完整的句子，因为引 导词It is/was. 和who/ that不充当句子成分。 如果强调的部分是表示人的名词或人称代 词，多数情况下用who，如上面的例句。如 果被强调的是人称代词，要用主格形式，非 正式文体中多用宾格(如me, him等)，但不可 取。如： It was I (me) who told the police 若强调否定词，它的结构形式是：It +b
13、e not+中心成份+thatwho分句。如： I didnt come back till the day before yesterday. It was not till the day before yesterday that I come back.1.warden(a)a person whose job is to control the boys(b)a person whose job is to make sure the boys are happy2.appetite(a)the feeling of wanting to eat(b)the feeling of w
14、anting to drinkLook at the words from the passage and choose the best meaning.3.pick out (a) to pick something up from the ground (b) to choose one person or thing from a group4.nudge (a) to push someone a little with a part of your body (b) to kick someone5.misery(a)great anger(b)great unhappiness6
15、.hang someone(a)to put someone in prison(b)to kill someone by pulling a rope tightly around his/her neckAstonishment Companion Courage Desperate Eager EmployReward Seize Support WhisperComplete the sentence with the correct form of the words in the box.1.he tried to find work, but no one wanted to _ him.2.the boy_ the bowl of soup and started to eat it.3.when Mr Bumble returned to the room, the boys started _ to each other.4.Oliver and his _ had very little to eat.5.when he told them what had happened, th
