《华师大版历史第四册《资本主义经济制度的确立》课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《华师大版历史第四册《资本主义经济制度的确立》课件（17页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 工业革命的发生发展现代工厂制度生产组织形式金融制度自由贸易政策使英国成为世界贸易金融中心19世纪70年代后，银行业与工业 相互融合渗透的趋势股份制企业组织形式资本主义经济制度的确立表现：背景：作用：促进了英国经济的高速发展提升了英国的国际竞争力发展趋势：“工厂制与手工工场相比具有哪些优势？” “为什么工厂能够取代手工工场？”想一想Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) Arkwright is considered the father of the modern industrial factory system; his inventions were a c
2、atalyst for the Industrial Revolution. www.bbc.co.uk/historyTextile Mill in Lancashire, England The textile industry was one of the first industries to be mechanized in 18th-century Britain. These women worked in a textile mill in Lancashire, in northwestern England.EA confectionery factory www.bbc.
3、co.uk/historyCotton machinery displayed at the Great Exhibition in 1851 www.bbc.co.uk/historyDivision of Labor in Industry Division of labor is a basic tenet of industrialization. In division of labor, each worker is assigned to a different task, or step, in the manufacturing process, and as a resul
4、t, total production increases. As this illustration shows, one person performing all five steps in the manufacture of a product can make one unit in a day. Five workers, each specializing in one of the five steps, can make 10 units in the same amount of time.EStephenson was a British pioneering rail
5、way engineer and inventor of the Rocket, the most famous early railway locomotive George Stephenson (1781-1848)Stephensons locomotive, the Rocket www.bbc.co.uk/historyLiverpool - Manchester railway, 1831 www.bbc.co.uk/history“在英国工业革命开始之初，工业发展获取 资金的途径有哪些？” “19世纪以后，企业公司发展获取资本的 途径有什么变化？为什么？”股份制的功能作用极大的
6、资本积聚功能为进行诸如修建铁路 等耗资巨大的工程集 资股份公司资产所有 权与经营权分离有利于按市场规律实 行生产资源和资金的 优化组合 The London Stock Exchange is one of the worlds oldest stock exchanges and can trace its history back more than 300 years. Starting life in the coffee houses of 17th century London, the Exchange quickly grew to become the Citys most
7、important financial institution. Over the centuries following, the Exchange has consistently led the way in developing a strong, well-regulated stock market and today lies at the heart of the global financial community. http:/ 纪来，伦敦一直是世界上最重要的金融、贸易中心之一。19 世纪以来伦敦成为统一的世界商品市场和世界金融市场的中 心，一系列重要的交易绝大部分集在伦敦
8、进行。伦敦的波罗 的海商业及海运交易所是世界租船业的中心；世界大部分有 价证券的买卖、大部分短期票据贴现和其它金融业务也集中 在伦敦进行；伦敦的劳埃德保险社是世界保险业务的中心。 现在,全市现有银行500多家，银行数居世界大城市之首 ，其中外国银行470家，在伦敦拥有的资本总额达1000多亿英 镑。伦敦每年外汇成交总额约3万亿英镑，是世界最大的国际 外汇市场。伦敦是世界上最大的国际保险中心，共有保险公 司800多家，其中外国公司170多家，在国际性保险收入总数 中占1/5，居世界首位。此外股票交易所和各种专业交易所 (白银、有色金属、羊毛、橡胶、茶叶、咖啡、可可等)对世 界经济均有很大影响。零
9、售商业和旅游业也非常发达，每年 接待外国游客达1000万人次，旅游外汇收入占全国60。London from the AirThames River, LondonLloyds Building Lloyds of London, one of the largest insurance companies in the world, is headquartered in a unique, high-tech building located in the City. The structure was designed by British architect Richard Rogers and completed in 最大的保险公司之一
