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1、被 动 语 态主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1) 主+am/ is/ are 主+ am/ is/ are + being 主+ will + be 主+ has been He is a leader. He is being here. He will be a leader. He has been a leader.主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2) 主+was/ were 主+ was/ were + being 主+ would + be 主+ had been He was a leader. He was being here just now. He would be a lea
2、der. He had been a leader several years ago.基 础 知 识 一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两 种，即：主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语 态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用 被动语态。 1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行 者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。 2. 被动语态的构成： 被字句：主语+ be +动词过去分词(v-ed) +by sb. 我打他 I beat him. (打过了) 他被我打=他打被我 He was beaten by me. 他喜欢她 He likes her. 她喜欢被他 She
3、 is liked by him. (am/ is / are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的 ，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态 ，be动词后面的过去分词不变。被动语态:主+ be +过去分词+(by sb)1. He eats the apple. 2. He ate the apple. 3. He is eating the apple. 4. He was eating the apple. 5. He will eat the apple. 6. He would eat the apple. 7. He has eaten the apple. 8. He had
4、eaten the apple.1. The apple is eaten by him. 2. The apple was eaten by him. 3. The apple is being eaten by him. 4. The apple was being eaten by him. 5. The apple will be eaten by him. 6. The apple would be eaten by him. 7. The apple has been eaten by him. 8. The apple had been eaten by him.二、时态和被动语
5、态的对应(1) 他们平时玩这个游戏 。 这个游戏被他们玩。 一般现在时 They play the game. The game is played by them.被动语态：主+am/ is/ are+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+V +.时态和被动语态的对应(2) 他们以前玩这个游戏 。 这个游戏以前被他们 玩。 一般过去时 They played the game. The game was played by them.被动语态：主+was/ were+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+ V-ed +.时态和被动语态的对应(3) 他们正在玩这个游戏 。 这个游戏正在被他
6、们 玩。 现在进行时 They are playing the game. The game is being played by them.被动语态：主+am/ is/ are + being + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+am/ is/ are + V-ing +.时态和被动语态的对应(4) 他们那时正在玩这个游 戏。 这个游戏那时正在被他 们玩。 过去进行时 They were playing the game. The game was being played by them.主+was/ were +being+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+was/ were
7、 +V-ing +.时态和被动语态的对应(5) 他们准备玩这个游戏 。 这个游戏准备被他们 玩。 一般将来时 They will play the game. The game will be played by them.被动语态：主+will +be + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+will +V原 +时态和被动语态的对应(6) 他们那时准备玩这个 游戏。 这个游戏那时准备被 他们玩。 过去将来时 They would play the game. The game would be played by them.被动语态：主+would +be + V-ed +by sb.主动
8、语态：主+would +V原 +.时态和被动语态的对应(7) 他们已经玩这个游戏 3天了。 这个游戏已经被他们 玩3天了。 现在完成时 They have played the game for 3 days. The game has been played by them for 3 days.被动语态：主+has/ have +been + V-ed + by sb.主动语态：主+has/ have +V-ed +.时态和被动语态的对应(8) 到昨天他们已经玩这 个游戏3天了。 到昨天这个游戏已经 被他们玩3天了。 过去完成时 They had played the game for 3
9、 days till yesterday. The game had been played by them for 3 days till yesterday.被动语态：主+has/ have +been + V-ed+by sb.主动语态：主+has/ have + V-ed +.三、情态动词的被动语态 他儿子一定照顾这个人。 His son must take care of the person. 这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定 照顾由他儿子。 The person must be taken care of by his son. 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情 态动
10、词后面直接加上be动词即可。 构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be( 永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.1. You must do this as soon as possible. 2. I can use it. 3. You should buy a dictionary. 4. She ought to clean her bedroom. 5. They need look after the little child. 6. We can change water into ice.1. This must be done as soon as possibl
11、e (by you). 2. It can be used. 3. A dictionary should be bought(by you). 4. Her bedroom ought to be cleaned. 5. The little child need be looked after(by them). 6. Water can be changed into ice.提 高 知 识 一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？ 1.(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词 组不能用于被动语态之中。 这类动词或短语如：take place(发生)， happen(发生)，come about(
12、发生)， break out(爆发)，appear(出现)， disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die , end (vi. 结束), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。 (2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词 短语： Fit合适, have, hold, marry结婚, own拥有 , wish, cost值, notice注意, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, s
13、ucceed in成功, suffer from受苦, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to属于 This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只适 合于这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事与听说的 相符。 (3)系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It
14、sounds good. 听起来很好。 Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷 就告诉我。 (4)某些静态的及物动词(表示状态而不是 动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的 动词)，如：last、hold、benefit、 contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last 、look like、consist to、have、belong to等。 They have a nice car他们有一辆漂亮 的汽车。 My shoes dont fit me我的鞋不合适。 My brain cant hold so much information at one
15、time我的脑子一下子记不住这 么多资料。 How much What does it cost？这值多 少钱？ Our holiday lasts 10days我们的假期 有十天。 This food will last (them)(for) 3days这 食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。 (5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动 词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作 主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句 子不能转换成被动语态： We should help each other. 我们应该互 相帮助。 He could see himself in the mirror. 他在 镜子中可以看到自己。 (6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等 谓语动词不用被动语态。 die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她 昨晚做了个噩梦。 Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter 史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。 (对) She likes to swim. 她喜爱游泳。 (错) To swim is liked by her
