《高二化学理科实班验乙炔炔烃》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二化学理科实班验乙炔炔烃（25页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、乙炔的分子结构一、乙炔的分子结构分子式电子式结构式H C C HHCCH乙炔直线型分子，键角为180O结构简式HCCHC2H2Evalu
2、ation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.l练一练：描述CH3CHCHCCCF3分 子结构的下列叙述中，正确的是（ ）A、6个碳原子有可能都在一条直线上B、6个碳原子不可能在一条直线上C、6个
3、碳原子都在同一平面上D、6个碳原子不可能都在同一平面上思考：该分子结构中至少可以有个原子在 同一个平面？最多可以有个原子在同一个 平面？B C8 10Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
4、 Ltd.2、反应原理： CaC2+ H2OCa(OH)2+C2H22二、乙炔的实验室实验室制法1、药品：水碳化钙（CaC2、俗名：电石）取用电石时，不能用手拿而 要用镊子取，原因是什么？为使反应缓和进行以获得平 稳的乙炔气流，可用什么代替 水?应选用什么样的配套装置来 控制水量？饱和食盐水 分液漏斗 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profi
5、le 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.C CCa2+2拓展:电石的主要成分是一种离子化合物电石的主要成分是一种离子化合物CaCCaC2 2电子式为电子式为反应过程分析：反应过程分析：C CCa+HOH HOHC CH H+ Ca（OH）2Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Sl
6、ides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3、制取装置： 圆底烧瓶（锥形瓶或广口瓶） +分液漏斗固+液 气能否用启普发生 器制取乙炔？与制H2,CO2,NO,NO2 的装置相同Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slide
7、s for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.启普发生器的工作原理：内外压强差Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-
8、2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.启普发生器的使用限制1、不能加热，也不耐热2、固体反应物必须是不能溶于反应液的块状3、产生的气体不能溶于反应液Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
9、 Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、 因为碳化钙与水反应剧烈，启普发生器不易控 制反应；4、关闭导气阀后，水蒸气仍与电石作用，不能达 到“关之即停”的目的.原因：3、生成物Ca(OH)2微溶于水，易形成糊状泡沫堵 塞导气管和球形漏斗的下口； 2、反应放出大量热，启普发生器是厚玻璃壁仪器 ，容易因胀缩不均，引起破碎 ；Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.S
10、lides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、乙炔的物理性质无色无味的气体密度比空气小（1.16g/L）微溶于水、易溶于有机溶剂Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client P
11、rofile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（1）因电石中含有 CaS、Ca3P2等，也会 与水反应，产生H2S、PH3等气体，所以所 制乙炔气体会有难闻的臭味； （2）如何去除乙炔的臭味呢？请选择合 适的装置和试剂。NaOH和CuSO4 溶液思考：实验室制的乙炔为什么会有臭味呢？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0
12、.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.乙炔跟空气的混合物遇火会发生爆炸，在生产和使用乙炔时，必须注意安全。注意1. 1. 氧化反应氧化反应 （1）燃烧燃烧四、乙炔化学性质现象：为什么？点燃前需验纯：火焰明亮，冒浓烟Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie
13、nt Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.发生爆炸的乙炔气罐2005年10月7日，广州某地一乙炔气厂发生爆炸。 事故原因是乙炔装运补给点出现意外，引发了乙炔仓库 爆炸，厂房严重受损，多人伤亡，爆炸产生的火苗还导 致周边山林起火，所幸抢险得力，山火被及时扑灭。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Creat
14、ed with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.小知识小知识氧炔焰：乙炔燃烧放出大量的热，在O2中燃 烧，产生的氧炔焰温度高达3000以上，可用于切割、焊接金属。氧炔焰切割金属焊 枪Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created
15、with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1. 1. 氧化反应氧化反应 (1)燃烧燃烧四、乙炔化学性质(2)(2)使酸性使酸性KMnOKMnO4溶液褪色溶液褪色2.加成反应(1)与溴水反应 (2)与H2加成 (3)与HCl加成Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2
